INDEX
Academies, created, 225-27
Accounts, war, settlement, 191-92, 256-57
Adams, John, impressed by Rev. John J. Zubly, 91
Administrative officials, state, 1780s, 193-94
Admiralty courts, under constitution of 1777, 82
Agriculture, colonial, 10-11
effect of war on, 170
1780s, 214-17
Aliens, treatment of, 200-01
Allen, Rev. Moses, chaplain, 176
children rewarded, 187
Amendments, to constitution of 1777, 83-84
Amercement. See Confiscation and banishment
American rights, concern of Commons House for, 47-49
Amicable Society, opposes Townshend Revenue Acts, 30, 31
Amusements and diversions, colonial, 14-15
war years, 177-78
1780s, 232-37
Anglican Church, war years, 174-76
1780s, 221-23
Angus, George, stamp distributor, 21-22
Antrobus, Isaac, troubles at Sunbury, 52-53
Army supply, 110, 171, 172. See Troops
Articles of Confederation, writing and ratification, 93-94
Artisans, war years, 172-73
1780s, 21-23
Asbury, Bishop Francis, 224
Ashe, Gen. John, commands North Carolina troops, 118
defeat at Briar Creek, 123-24
last, 1775, 47-49
qualifications, 296, n20, n21. See Commons House of Assembly
Assembly, restored colonial, Wright delays calling, 147-48
action, 148-50
Assembly, state, constitution of 1777, 80-81
action, 1777-1778, 86-87
troubles about convening, 157-58
meeting, 1781, 162
1872, 163-65
in 1780s, 189-93
rules, 192-93
Association, Continental, adopted, 44-47
and trade, 49
enforced by St. Andrew’s and St. John’s parishes, 49-50
adoption and enforcement, 61-62, 168-69
Attainder, Bill of, against Whigs, 152-54
Augusta, Indian Conference, 1763, 1-2
Indian Treaty, 1773, 7-8
rapid growth after 1763, 10
Indian Conference, 1776, 113
occupied by British, 121-22, 131
attacked by Whigs, 134
Whigs hanged at White House, 134
captured by Whigs, 135
state capital, 155-56, 159-60, 199
development, 160
Indian trade declines, 169-70
merchants and trade, 212
manufacturing, 213
schools at, 225-26
newspapers, 1780s, 231
social life, 234-35
Jockey Club, 235
Indian Treaties of, 1783, 238-39, 240
Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State, 231
Augusta Gazette, 231
Austin, a mulatto, freed and pensioned for war services, 188
Baillie, George, commissary general, 52
Baker, John, militia commander, 104
Baldwin, Abraham, delegate in Congress, 254
creation of University, 227-29
Constitutional Convention, 267-69
“saves” convention, 268-69
favors slave trade, 269
signs constitution, 269
Balfour, Lt. Col. Nisbit, relations with Wright, 138
Baptists, war years, 176-77
object to establishment law, 223
1780s, 224-35
Beaufort, Convention of, South Carolina boundary, 258-60
Bergman, Rev. John Ernest, pastor at Ebenezer, 223-24
Bernhardt, Christian Eberhardt, schoolmaster at Ebenezer, 224
Bethesda College, 227
Bill of Rights, state, 83
Bills of Credit, objected to, 214
Blount, William, and Houstoun County, 260-61
Board of Trade, approves Georgia export duty, 151
Bond and Company, druggist, 232
Boston, relief for, 53
Boston Tea Party, 39
Botsford, Edmund, chaplain, 176-77
Boundary, extended to St. Marys River in 1763, 1
and Spanish relations, 166-67
dispute with South Carolina, 258-60
Bounties, soldier, 171, 186-87
Bourbon County, 261-64
Bowen, Oliver, secures munitions, 99
commands Georgia navy, 107-08
suspension removed, 305, n80
Boyd, Col., at Kettle Creek, 123
Briar Creek, 123-24
British, plan to recapture Georgia, 116-17
attack south Georgia, 1778, 119
opposition to, 277
British sympathizers, 181
British warships, at Savannah, 68-70, 102
Brown, Rev. James, 175-76
Brown, Thomas, tarred and feathered by Whigs, 65-66
commands Florida Rangers, 100
British Indian superintendent, 127
occupies Augusta, 131
distrusts Georgia loyalty, 132
hangs Whigs at White House, 134
evacuation of Savannah, 144. See Florida Rangers
Brownson, Nathan, Continental delegate, 93
tries to unite Whigs, 161
speaker and governor, 161, 163
trustee of University, 228
Bryan, Jonathan, objects to Townshend Acts, 31
Bulloch, Archibald, Speaker of Commons House, 34-35, 36
Tondee’s Tavern meeting, 40
Continental delegate, 46, 58, 91
First Provincial Congress, 57
President of Georgia, 77-78, 103
death, 78
Bunker Hill, powder for, 52
Butler, Pierce, Convention of Beaufort, 259
Cameron, Alexander, British Indian superintendent, 127
Campbell, Lt. Col. Archibald, 118-26
captures Savannah, 118-20
occupies Augusta, 122-23
reinstates colonial government, 124
leaves Georgia, 126
Capital, location of, 155-56, 159-60, 199-200
Carleton, Sir Guy, orders evacuation of Georgia, 143
Caswell, Richard, and Houstoun County, 260
Cattle raising, 216
Cattle stealing, on Florida frontier, 100-01
Chaplains, from Georgia, 176
Charleston, Prevost marches against, 1779, 126
capture by British, 130-31
trade, 211
Chatham Academy, created, 227
Cherokee Indians, war against, 113-14
land cessions, 1782-83, 238
at Muscle Shoals, 261. See Indians
Chevalier, Charles Francis, teaches dancing and fencing, 234
Chickasaw Indians, Spanish treaty, 242. See Indians
Choctaw Indians, Spanish treaty, 242. See Indians
Christ Church, rectors in 1780s, 223
Christmas, Nathaniel, and Bourbon County, 262-63
Cincinnati, Georgia Society, 235-36
Citizenship, legislation, 200-01
Clarke, Lt. Col. Alured, British commander in Georgia, 137
proposes cessation of hostilities, 143
Clarke, Elijah, harasses British, 122, 123, 133-34
capture of Augusta, 134-35
Clay, Joseph, Whig leader, 68
objects to constitution of 1777, 84-85
deprecates conditions in Georgia, 85-86
Continental paymaster, 93, 157-58
supreme executive council, 156-58
reestablishes Whig government, 161
assembly leader, 1782, 163
influence with Henry Laurens, 166
economic predictions, 210
trustee of University, 228
Clinton, Sir Henry, recaptures Charleston, 130-31
forgives Whig treason, 148
Coffeehouse, in Savannah, 233-34
Colonial agent, controversy over Stamp Act, 24-26
Colonial government. See Government, colonial
Commissioners for Restoring Peace in America, 118
Committee of Correspondence, created by Commons House, 37-38
Commons House of Assembly, dissolution, 28-29
relations with governor, 32
representation for parishes south of Altamaha, 33-34
representation for 1773 Indian cession, 34
speaker disapproved by Wright, 28, 34-37
dissolved, 1772, 36
approves action of Continental Congress, 1775, 48-49
refuses to meet, May, 1775, 51-52
Confiscation and banishment, loyalists, 180, 183-87
act of 1782, 183-84
relief from, 184-86
enforcement, 184
Congressional election, 1789, 275
Constitution, state, Rules and Regulations of 1776, 76-77
Constitution, state, 1777, writing and contents, 79-84
characterized, 84
conservative Whig objections, 84-85
goes into effect, 86
democratic, 300, n25
Constitution, state, 1789, writing, 271-73
analysis, 273-75
Constitution, U. S., Constitutional Convention, 267-69
copy arrives in Savannah, 269
state ratifying convention, 269-71
Constitutional interpretation, by assembly, 196
Consuls, appointed in 1780s, 210
Continental Congress, First, Georgia not represented, 42
Continental Congress, Second, Lyman Hall represents St. John’s Parish, 43
delegates refuse to serve, 1775, 49
delegates’ instructions, 61, 91-92
Georgia’s relations with, 91-94, 165-67, 254-56
election at Spirit Creek, 156
considers Bourbon County, 263
refuses Georgia’s western cession, 264-65
Continental officers, rewarded by Georgia, 187
Cornwallis, Lord Charles, commands in South, 131
Cotton, production, 1780s, 216
Council. See Executive
Council of Safety, created, 56, 60
operation, 62-63
under Rules and Regulations of 1776, 77-78
on St. Augustine expedition, 101-02
Counties, created by constitution of 1777, 82-83
development, 197-98
Courts, colonial, 2-3
taken over by Whigs, 63-64
western circuit created, 150-51
Courts, state, under Rules and Regulations of 1776, 77
under constitution of 1777, 81-82
1780s, 194-95
subordinate position, 195-96
under constitution of 1789, 274
Creek Indians, relations with, 1763-1774, 5-8
Whigs and Tories woo, 67
and state defense, 96
relations with, 1776-1778, 112-15
troubles, 1782, 181
area and divisions, 239-40
Spanish treaty, 242
1783, 238-40
negotiations at Galphinton, 1785, 243-44
negotiations at Shoulderbone, 1786, 244-46
war scare, 1787, 248-49
Sec. Knox’s report, 249
negotiations at Rock Landing, 250-51
treaty at New York, 251-52. See Indians
Cruger, Col. John H., relieves Augusta, 134
Currency, effect of war on, 171
depreciation, 180
shortage, 213-14
Cuthbert, Seth John, on supreme executive council, 156
financial report, 1786, 202-03
on smuggling, 208
Cuyler, Mrs., public meeting at, June, 1775, 55
Davenport, William, and Bourbon County, 262-63
Davies, Myrick, on supreme executive council, 156
acting governor, 161
murdered, 162
Davis, Jenkins, trustee of University, 228
Debt collection, stopped by Whigs, 64
Declaration of Independence, 78-79
proclaimed in Savannah, 79
Deer skins, colonial trade, 11
Defense of Georgia, by Continental Congress, 95-99, 105
up to state in 1782, 180-81
Delaware Indians, at Muscle Shoals, 261
Democracy, and constitution of 1777, 84-85, 300, n25
DeWitt’s Corner, treaty of, 113
Dickinson, John, Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer, 28
Dooly, John, harasses British, 122, 123, 132
murder of, 132
Whig militia leader, 133
on supreme executive council, 156
children rewarded, 187
Drayton, William Henry, works for union with South Carolina, 89-91
Duty on exports, granted to king, 151-52. See Trade
East Florida, 99-109
conditions in, 100
border troubles, 100-01
expeditions against, analyzed, 108-09
expedition for 1779 planned, 118
illegal trade with, 168-69
British in, 181-83
evacuation, 183. See Floridas, St. Augustine, Spain
Ebenezer, in Whig hands, 136
troops damage, 138
temporary capital, 165
church hurt by war, 176
Economic affairs, colonial, 10-12
after British capture, 125
war years, 168-72
1780s, 209-20
change coming out of war, 281
Education, colonial, 14
1780s, 225-30
Elbert, Samuel, St. Augustine expedition, 1777, 104
Continental commander, 105
vice president of Cincinnati, 235
Election, 1781, 163
1780s, 193-94
Enlistments, in other states, 98-99
Estaing, Count Charles Hendri d’, asked to reconquer Georgia, 127
arrives off Georgia coast, 128
siege of Savannah, 128-29
reward for war services, 187
Evacuation by British, 143-46
Executive, colonial, 3
state, president, 76-77
under constitution of 1777, 80-81
relationship with assembly, 86
1780s, 193-94
Exports. See Trade
Fawkes, Guy, Day, and anti-Stamp demonstration, 19
Federal court, to determine South Carolina boundary dispute, 257-58, 260
Federal government, attitude of Georgia toward, 253-54
Few, Benjamin, Whig militia leader, 133
Few, William, Whig militia leader, 133
on supreme executive council, 156
trustee of University, 228
delegate in Congress, 254
delegate to Constitutional Convention, 267-69
Finances, colonial, 151. See Taxes
Finances, state, precarious condition, 92-93
Congressional help, 92-93
of supreme executive council, 157
1780s, 201-08
paper currency, 201-02
settlement of accounts, 201-02
conditions, 1786, 202-04
conditions, 1787, 204
Florida Rangers, harass south Georgia, 100, 102, 104, 106
and Florida expeditions, 108-09. See Thomas Brown
Floridas, and Georgia in 1763, 1
and Spain, 166-67
troubles with in 1780s, 265-66. See East Florida, St. Augustine, Spain
Fort McIntosh, surrendered to Florida Rangers, 103
Fort Tonyn, destroyed, 108
Franklin, Benjamin, colonial agent, 25-26, 205
Franklin County, created, 240
Franklin, State of, and Creek relations, 244-46
and Houstoun County, 261
Fraternal organizations, during war, 178
1780s, 235-36
French, at siege of Savannah, 128-29
at Muscle Shoals, 261
Frontier, defense, 96-97
influence, 276-77
Fuser, Lt. Col. Lewis V., invades south Georgia, 119
celebrates French failure at Savannah, 129
Gage, Gen. Thomas, and barracks necessities argument, 26-27
Galphin, George, Indian agent, 113-114
children rewarded, 187
Galphinton, Creek negotiations, 243
state treaty, 243
Garth, Charles, colonial agent, 25-26
Gazette of the State of Georgia, 230
General Committee. See Council of Safety
Georgia, general picture, 1773, 15
extent of settled area, 96
plans for recapture by British, 116-17
general picture, 1763-1773; 276-77
Georgia Gazette, and Stamp Act, 23
and revolution, 74
1780s, 230
Georgia Packet, dispatch boat to Philadelphia, 112
Georgia State Gazette, or Independent Register, 231
German trade, 1780s, 210-11
Gibbons, William, on supreme executive council, 156
speaker, 1782, 163
Glascock, Thomas, flour mill at Augusta, 213
Glascock, William, president of Whig executive council, 155
speaker of Whig “assembly,” 157-58
and McIntosh removal, 158-59
trustee of University, 228
Glen, John, calls protest meeting, 1774, 41
attainted by Tories, 153
Glynn County Academy, 227
Godwin, James, Savannah actor, 233
Savannah dancing master, 234
Government, colonial, at low ebb, 1775-1776, 50-54
Wright says power gone, 64
conditions, 1779-1782, 147-55. See Assembly, Governor
Government, local, colonial, 5
early revolutionary, 62-63
development of, 196-99. See Counties
Government, revolutionary, develops, 61-64
illustrated in constitution of 1777, 84
Government, state, Rules and Regulations of 1776, 76-78
constitution of 1777, 79-85
operation, 1777-1778, 85-91
acts declared illegal, 149
low ebb after British conquest, 155-61
executive council organized, 1779, 155-56
courts opened, 157
existence doubtful, 1780-1781, 160-61
reestablished, 161
weak, 1781-1782, 161-64
finances, 163-166
returns to Savannah, 179
Governor, colonial, relations with Commons House, 32. See Wright, Sir James
Governor, state, under constitution of 1777, 81
under constitution of 1789, 274
Graham, Lt. Gov. John, return to Georgia, 125
and submission of upcountry, 134-35
Grand jury, importance, 194-95, 255
Graves, Jan Bonner, Dutch consul, 210
Green, Thomas, and Bourbon County, 261-63
Greene, Gen. Nathanael, Continental Southern commander, 135
tactics, 141
orders Georgia troops to Charleston, 144
reestablishes Whig government, 161
given Mulberry Grove, 187
Grierson, James, occupies Augusta, 131
Tory militia leader, 133
killed, 135
Griffin, Cyrus, Creek commissioner, 250-51
Gunpowder, captured by Whigs at Savannah, 53, 67
Gwinnett, Button, President of Georgia, 78
signs Declaration of Independence, 79
defeated for governorship, 86
fight with McIntoshes, 87-89
killed in duel, 89
opposes union with South Carolina, 90
Continental delegate, 92
St. Augustine expedition of 1777, 103-04
Habersham, James, disapproves speaker of Commons House, 36-37
opposed revolution, 73
Habersham, James, Jr., trustee of University, 228
Habersham, John, signs Convention of Beaufort, 259
assistant treasurer of Cincinnati, 235
trustee of University, 228
Habersham, Joseph, on supreme executive council, 156
Hall, Lyman, represents St. John’s Parish in Continental Congress, 43, 50
Continental delegate, 58, 91-92
signs Declaration of Independence, 79
recommendations to assembly, 1783, 190-91
encouragement of religion and education, 222
and creation of University, 227, 229
Handley, Gov. George, and Creeks, 250
Hart, Nancy, fights Tories, 131
Headright system of land granting, 8
Heard, Stephen, acting state governor, 160, 161
Heard’s Fort, probable seat of Whig government, 160
Hemp production, 216
Hessian troops, 136-37, 142-43
Hiwell, John, music teacher, 234
Holmes, Rev. James, 174
Holmes, Rev. John, 223
Hopewell on the Keowee, Indian treaties negotiated at, 243
Hopkins, John, tarred and feathered by Whigs, 65
Houstoun County, at Musicle Shoals area, 260-61
Houstoun, James, Continental surgeon on act of attainder, 153
Houstoun, John, Tondee’s Tavern meeting, 40
Continental delegate, 46, 58, 91
at British capture of Savannah, 120
and Florida expedition of 1778, 107-08
suspension as chief justice, 195-96
trustee of University, 228
protests Convention of Beaufort, 259
Houstoun, Sir Patrick, surrenders to Wayne, 143
removal from colonial disqualifying act, 153-54
Houstoun, William, trustee of University, 228
delegate to Constitutional Convention, 267-69
Howe, Gen. Robert, Continental commander in South, 93, 103
Florida expedition of 1777, 103-04, 106, 107-08
proposes 1779 Florida expedition, 108
urges Creek friendship, 114
relieved as Southern commander, 119
at British capture of Savannah, 120-21
Howley, Richard, on McIntosh removal, 158
elected governor, 1780, 159
assembly leader, 1782, 164
Hughes, Greenberg, publishes Augusta Gazette, 231
Humphreys, David, Creek commissioner, 250-51
Humphries, Thomas, Methodist minister, 224
Immigrants, source of, 9
from the north, 1782, 209
Imports. See Trade
Impost, Congressional, 166, 254-55
Independence, sentiment toward, 78-79
Declaration announced, 79
Inheritance, under constitution of 1777, 83
Indians, relations, 1763-1774, 5-8
and revolution, 72
and British capture of Georgia, 118
use by British, 123, 127, 140-41
British Indian Department, 127, 238
cooperation with Whigs, 141
trade hurt by war, 169-70, 212
federal and state relations, 1780s, 238-52
and constitutional ratification, 270-71
concern of Georgians for, 280-81. See Land Cession
Indigo, production in 1780s, 216
Inflation, increased by war, 171
Ingram, Lt. Col. James, harasses British, 122
Insurance, state office, 86-87, 169
Intolerable Acts, objected to, 39-44
Jackson, James, Whig militia leader, 133
legion of state troops, 140
receives surrender of Savannah, 144
refuses governorship, 194
Jewish worship, 1780s, 225
Johnston, James, publisher of Georgia Gazette, 14
loyalist, 74
publishes newspaper, 1780s, 230
Jones, Noble, opposes revolution, 73
Jones, Noble Wimberly, disapproved as speaker of Commons House, 34-37
Tondee’s Tavern meeting, 40
Continental delegate, 46, 58, 91
Whig leader, 68
July Fourth, celebrations, 236-37
Keowee River, and South Carolina boundary dispute, 257-60
Kettle Creek, Battle of, 123
Kidd, John, Savannah actor, 233
King’s birthday, celebration, 1775, 52
King’s Mountain, Battle of, Elijah Clarke and militia at, 134
Kiokee Church, during war years, 176
Kirkland, Moses, helps plan British captrue of Georgia, 117
Kitching, James, collector at Sunbury, 52-53
Knox, Henry, reports to Congress on Southern Indians, 249
Knox, William, agent in London and Stamp Act troubles, 24-25
Negroes to Jamaica, 145
Land, speculation in colonial period, 8-9
prices, 1780s, 216-17
acquisition eased by war, 281
hunger for described, 218-19
confusion of records and boundaries for, 220
bounties for troops and veterans, 186-88, 217-19
Land cession, 1763, 1-2
1773, 7-8
Land granting, colonial, 8-9
in East Florida, 106
1780s, 217-19
Langworthy, Edward, Continental delegate, 93
Laurens, Henry, helps Lachlan McIntosh, 89
works for Georgia, 92
and Georgia defense, 105
proposes 1779 Florida expedition, 108
informed of British expedition to capture Georgia, 118
on Georgia reconquest, 127
Georgia’s friend in Congress, 166
Law code, ordered, 196
Lawson, Hugh, trustee of University, 228
Lawyers, admission to the bar, 195
Lazaretto, 232
Lee, Charles, commander in South, 96-99
on Georgia defense, 97
Lee, Col. Henry, at capture of Augusta, 135
Legislation, passed in 1780s, 191-92
Leslie, Gen. Alexander, British commander in South, 135-36
suggests evacuation of Georgia, 143
Lexington and Concord, news of battles of, 52
Liberty, celebrated, 1775, 52
Liberty Boys, and Stamp Act, 20-22
Liberty County Academy, 227
Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, Continental Southern commander, 119
pushes defense of Georgia, 122
advances on Savannah, 1779, 126
at siege of Savannah, 128-29
removes Georgia troops, 131
surrenders to British, 131
Creek commissioner, 250-51
Lindsay, Rev. Benjamin, 223, 227
Liquor, people licensed to sell, 233
Lively, and illegal trade, 52-53
Local government. See Government, local
Long, Nicholas, and Bourbon County, 262-63
Long Swamp, Cherokee treaty, 238
Louisville, ordered laid out, 199
Loyalists, invited to Georgia, 1775, 66
and dissatisfaction, 85
move to Florida, 107
moved from frontier, 108
few help British, 1778-1779, 123
invited to cooperate with colonial government, 124
evacuation of Savannah, 145-46
population shifts, 173
in Bourbon County, 263. See Confiscation and banishment, Tories
Lucas, Rev. Edward, 223
Lutherans. See Salzburgers
Mail service, interrupted by Whigs, 51
Maitland, Lt. Col. John, gets troops into Savannah, 128, 308, n59
Major, John, Methodist minister, 224
Manufacturing, colonial, 11
encouraged by state, 171
1780s, 213
Marshall, Abraham, chaplain, 176
Marshall, Rev. Daniel, war years, 176-77
death, 224
Martin, John, governor, 142, 163
Martin, Joseph, and Houstoun County, 260
Masonic lodges, 235
Massachusetts circular, against Sugar Act of 1764, 17
against Stamp Act, 18-19
against Townshend Revenue Acts, 28
Mathews, George, and Creeks, 1787, 248
objects to Continental Indian negotiations, 248
McGillivray, Alexander, 239-52
McGirth, Daniel, Tory militia leader, 133
McGirth, James, Tory militia leader, 133
McIntosh, George, accused of treasonable conduct, 88-89
opposes Gwinnett, 300, n44
McIntosh, Lt. Col. John, refuses to surrender Fort Morris, 119
McIntosh, Lachlan, opposes British action, 1774-1775, 45-46
elected colonel, 87
kills Button Gwinnett in duel, 89
removed from Georgia command, 89, 105, 158-59
raids northern Florida, 101
and St. Augustine expedition, 1777, 103-04
fears for Whig Georgia, 1779, 126-27
president of Cincinnati, 235
signs Convention of Beaufort, 259
McIntosh, William, defends St. Marys region, 100-01
McLean, Andrew, 143
McMurphy, Daniel, state Indian superintendent, 164
Mercer, Silas, chaplain, 176
Merchants, Savannah after evacuation, 144
Methodists, growth in 1780s, 224
Midway Church, burned, 119
during war, 176
1780s, 224
Military prisoners, and act of attainder, 153
Military supplies, securing, 99. See Troop supplies, Troops
Militia, colonial, created by Campbell in upcountry, 122
increased by Wright, 135-36
Wright objects to Clinton’s regulations, 139.
Militia, state, and Council of Safety, 63
under constitution of 1777, 82
St. Augustine expeditions, 103-04, 110
in back country, 133-35
use as partisans, 140
badly needed by Wayne, 141-42
officers rewarded for war services, 187.
Miller, George, British consul, 210
Milton, John, secretary of Cincinnati, 235
Miro, Esteban, and Creek Indians, 242
and Bourbon County, 263
Mississippi, navigation, 166-67
Moncrief, Capt. James, engineer at siege of Savannah, 128
Money bill, and rights of Upper House of Assembly, 16-17
Moodie, Thomas, refuses to take oath before assembly committee, 33-34, 36
Moratorium, caused by war, 179
Morse, Jedediah, 224
Munitions, secured by Whigs, 52
magazines of, 99
Muscle Shoals, Houstoun County at, 260-61
Music, teachers and performers, 234
Mutiny Act, enforcement in Georgia, 26-27
Natchez district, and Bourbon County, 262-64
Naval activity, along coast, 111-12
Naval stores, colonial period, 11
Negroes, and Townshend Acts, 31
carried away by British, 145-46
need of, 1780s, 214-15. See Slavery
New York, Creek treaty, 251-52
Newspapers, 1780s, 230-31
Ninety Six, besieged and occupied by Whigs, 135
Nixon, Rev. William, 223
Non-importation, in other colonies, 28, 29
in Georgia, 30-32. See Association
North Carolina, and Georgia troops, 98
requested to aid supreme executive council, 157
Oconee lands, desired by Georgia, 239-40, 242-52
ceded at Augusta, 1783, 240
ceded at Galphinton, 243-44
ceded at Shoulderbone, 244-46
ceded at New York, 251-52
Osborne, Henry, chief justice, 194
collector for St. Marys, 211
favors U. S. constitution, 270
Panton, Leslie & Co., and Creek Indians, 241
Panton, William, Tory associated with George McIntosh, 88-89
Paris, Treaty of, 1763, provisions affecting Georgia, 1
Parishes, colonial, 5
Parker, Commodore Hyde, British naval commander, 119
promises loyalists protection, 121
leaves Georgia, 126
Parliament, legislation enforced, 26-28
support of colonial government, 151
Partisan activity, 133-35. See Militia
Peace, with Georgia in British hands, 167
Pendleton, Nathaniel, to codify state law, 196
elected delegate to Constitutional Convention, 267
Physicians, 232
Pickens, Gen. Andrew, at Kettle Creek, 123
at capture of Augusta 135
signs Convention of Beaufort, 259
Pierce, William, delegate in Congress, 254
delegate to Constitutional Convention, 267-69
favors constitution, 269
Piercy, Rev. William, 174
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, signs Convention of Beaufort, 259
Political conditions, 1776-1778, 85-89
changes of war years, 278-79
Population, 1761-1773, 10
diversity and revolution, 70-71
changes of war years, 173
Porbeck, Lt. Col. Friedrich von, Hessian commander in Georgia, 136
objects to Savannah, 136-37
Powder magazine, opened by Whigs, 52
Pray, Job, secures munitions, 99
Presbyterians, 1780s, 225. See Religion
Presidential election, 1789, 275
Prevost, Gen. Augustine, in British capture of Georgia, 117
leads troops to Savannah, 121-22
marches against Charleston, 1779, 126
siege of Savannah, 128-29
Prevost, Lt. Col. James Mark, invades south Georgia, 119
victory at Briar Creek, 123-24
lieutenant governor, 124
Provincial Congress, First, 45-47
Provincial Congress, Second, origin and action, 55-61
membership, 56-57
backs Continental Congress, 58
elects Continental delegates, 58
petitions king, 58-59
advocates American rights within British empire, 59-60
provides for public funds, 60
provides for future congresses, 60
adjournment, 61
Provincial Congress, under Rules and Regulations of 1776, 77-78
Provisions, magazines of, 99
Public education, 1780s, 225-26
under control of University, 229
Pulaski, Count Casimir, sent south, 127
Rae, James, state Indian superintendent, 164
Records, state, returned to Georgia, 200
Recreation. See Amusements
Rees, David, on land-hungry frontiersmen, 218-19
Refugees, Whig, return to Georgia, 162
Whig during war, 173
loyalist during war, 173-74
Relief measures, for Whig refugees, 173-74
for loyalist refugees, 174
for unfortunates, 231-32
Religion, colonial, 12-14
and revolution, 71
under constitution of 1777, 83
effect of war on, 174-77
1780s, 221-25
post-war recovery, 221-22, establishment act of 1785, 222-23
change coming out of war, 281
Revolutionary government. See government, revolutionary
Revolutionary sentiment, 40-53
first expression of, 1774, 41-42
in St. John’s parish, 1774-1775, 40-50
badly divided, 1774, 43-44, 47-48, 55
in St. Andrew’s Parish, 1774-1775, 45-46
grows, 74-75
Revolutionary War, general causes, 277-78
Rice, effect of war on production, 170, 215
Rice vessels, captured by British, 69-70
Richmond Academy, 225-26
Richmond County, Whig control precarious 126-27
Roads, construction and maintenance, 197
Rock Landing, Creek negotiations at, 250-51
Royal government. See Government, colonial
Rules and Regulations of 1776, writing and provisions, 76-78
Rutledge, John, asks d’Estaing to recapture Savannah, 127
Ryan, Dennis, presents plays in Savannah, 233
St. Andrew’s Parish, opposes British action, 1774-1775, 45-46
St. Andrew’s Society, 178
St. Augustine, expeditions against, 88, 99-102, 103-04, 106-08. See East Florida, Spain
St. John’s Parish, Puritans and growth of, 9-10
leader in revolutionary sentiment, 40-50
elects delegate to Continental Congress, 43
opposes British action, 1774-1775, 45
attempts to become part of South Carolina, 49-50
represented in Continental Congress, 50
relief to Boston, 50
St. Mark’s Parish, created, 150
St. Marys, created port, 211
St. Peter’s Parish, created, 150
St. Tammany’s Day, celebration in Augusta, 235
Salt, shortages during war, 174
Salzburgers, division of sentiment, 71
in 1780s, 223-24
Savannah, importance to colonial Georgia, 10, 14
revolutionary sentiment in, 40-50
Parochial Committee assumes local government, 63
defense against British vessels, 68
rice vessels captured by British, 69-70
barracks, 110
captured by British, 120-21
Whigs try to capture, 1779, 126
siege of, 128-29
recapture planned, 130
evacuated by British, 143-46, 210, n62
state government returns, 165
professional people and tradesmen, 172-73
city government, 198
capital, 199
removal of records from, 199-200
merchants, 1780s, 212
port organization, 211-12
education, 1780s, 226-27
dancing school, 234
coffeehouse, 233-34
theater, 1780s, 232-33
Scarborough, HMS, Wright escapes aboard, 68-69
Scoffellites, go to East Florida, 107
Scotch-Irish, migration to Georgia, 9
Scott, Alexander, chaplain, 176
Screven, James, children rewarded, 187
monument ordered erected, 187
Seal, Georgia, under constitution of 1777, 83
Seegar, George, on McIntosh removal, 158
Sevier, John, and Houstoun County, 260
Seymour, Rev. James, war experiences, 174-75
Sheftall, Mordecai, on Savannah Parochial Committee, 63
Shelby, Col. Isaac, fights Tories in Wilkes County, 135
Shoulderbone, Treaty of, 1786, 244-46
Simpson, James, helps plan recapture of Georgia, 117
Slavery, opposition to in St. Andrew’s Parish, 46
effect of war on, 170
emancipation for war services, 188
recovery of slaves from Spanish Florida, 265-66. See Negroes
Slave trade, in constitutional convention, 269
Smallpox, 232
Smith, Rev. Haddon, 174
forbidden to preach, 58
leaves Georgia, 65
and the Continental Association, 298, n70
Smith, John Eardman, Augusta publisher, 231
Smuggling, estimated amount, 208
Sons of Liberty, 20-23, 28, 32
South Carolina, objects to Georgia sale of stamps, 22
helps in capture of gunpowder, 1775, 53
sends Georgia help, 1776, 69
desires union with Georgia, 89-91
loan to fight British, 127
militia guards Georgia, 131
relations with, 1780s, 257-60
boundary dispute, 257-60
influence on Georgia, 299, n80
Southern Military Department, 95-99
Spain, and Floridas, 166-67
and Choctaws and Chickasaws, 242
at Muscle Shoals, 261
and Bourbon County, 262-64
and relations in 1780s, 265-66. See East Florida, Floridas, St. Augustine
Spirit Creek, Continental election, 156
Stamp Act, objections before passage, 17-18
provisions of, 18
goes into effect, 19-21
demonstrations against by people, 19-20, 21-22
stamps sold, 21-22
repeal, 23
agent controversy 24-25
Stamp Act Congress, Georgia not represented, 18-19
petitions and memorials approved by Commons House of Assembly, 19
State government. See Government, state
Stiles, Ezra, advises on founding of University, 229
Stith, William, chief justice, 196
Stokes, Chief Justice Anthony, favors writs of assistance, 37-38
and debt collection, 64
returns to Georgia, 125
writes export duty law, 151
Stuart, John, Indian Superintendent, at conference of Augusta, 1763, 1
accused of arousing Indians against Whigs, 66-67
and Indian relations, 112, 114-15
death, 127
Sugar Act of 1764, 17
Sumner, Job, commissioner to settle Congressional accounts, 256-57
Sunbury, created port of entry, 10
and illegal trade, 52-53
Supreme executive council, creation and operation, 156-58
Taitt, David, British Indian agent, 113
Taliaferro, Benjamin, trustee of University, 228
Taxation, without representation in Commons House, 33-34
by provincial congress, 60
1780s, 206-08
Taxes, colonial, not levied, 1779-1782, 151
Telfair, Edward, Continental delegate, 93
prepares for Creek War, 244
Theater, 1780s, 232-33
Thompson, William, Whigs object to, 65
Tobacco, manufacturing at Augusta, 213
increased importance, 215
public inspection, 215-16
Tondee, Peter, tavern keeper, member Savannah Parochial Committee, 63
death, 173
Tondee’s Tavern, protest meetings, 40, 55-56
1782 assembly meets in, 172-73, 179
Tonyn, Patrick, Governor of East Florida, 99, 100
favors attack on Georgia, 107
and Florida expeditions, 108-09
Tories, treated badly by Whigs, 64-66
groups that constituted, 75
defeated at Kettle Creek, 123
desert to Whigs, 142-43, 162. See Loyalists
Tory-Whig fighting, in the upcountry, 123-24, 126
Towns, colonial, 10
government of, 198-99
Townshend Revenue Acts, 28-32
Commons House objects to, 28-29
Trade, colonial, 11-12
and Continental Association, 61-62
and revolution, 74
hurt by Association, 168-69
new channels, 169
state financed, 169
of British Georgia, 172
foreign, 1782, 209-12
Tradesmen, during war years, 172-73
1780s, 213
Treason, trials by colonial courts, 147
pardoned by Clinton, 148
against Britain, 153. See Confiscation and banishment
Treutlen, John Adam, first state governor, 86
and union with South Carolina, 90-91
Triebner, Rev. Christopher F., loyalist sympathies, 176
leaves Georgia, 223
Troop supplies, 1782, 180
Troops, British, and barracks necessities argument, 26-27
withdrawn from Georgia, 1768, 27
approved for Georgia, 1775, 50-51
requested by Wright, 70, 126-27, 133, 135, 137-38
for capture of Georgia, 118-19
taken out of Georgia by Clinton, 130-32
strength, 136
conditions of, 136
relations with civilians, 138
strength increased, 141
Troops, Continental, authorized and recruited, 95-99, 105-06, 139-40
life and morale, 105-06, 109-10
Negro, 139-40
sent to Georgia, 141-42
after British evacuation, 180-81
Troops, Hessian, 136-37, 142-43
Troops, state, 110-11, 140-42, 161-62, 164
Tugaloo River, and South Carolina boundary, 257-60
Twiggs, John, Whig militia leader, 122, 133
Tybee Island, Clinton’s base, 130
quarantine station, 232
Union Society, in 1780s, 231-32
University of Georgia, chartered, 227-29
Upcountry, development, 7-9, 159-60, 214
submits to British, 132
abandoned by British, 135
helped by war, 279
Veterans, pensioned, 186-88
Voght, Casper & Company, Hamburg merchants, 211
Voter qualifications, in constitution of 1777, 81
under constitution of 1789, 274
Walker, Saunders, chaplain, 176
Wallace, John, British consul, 210
Walton, George, Tondee’s Tavern meeting, 40
secretary of First Provincial Congress, 57
signs Declaration of Independence, 79
helps Lachlan McIntosh, 89
at British capture of Savannah, 120
elected “governor” by Whig “Assembly,” 158
and McIntosh removal, 158-59
chief justice, 194-95
suspended, 195
favors Congressional impost, 255
elected delegate to Constitutional Convention, 267
Walton, John, Continental delegate, 93
Washington, George, on reconquest of Georgia, 127
birthday celebration, 237
and Creek relations, 250-52
Washington, town of, created, 160
plays presented, 235
Washington County, created, 240
Watauga Valley, Elijah Clarke escorts women to, 134
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, Continental commander in Georgia, 141-46
difficulties in Georgia, 142
tries to secure troops, 141-43
refuses cessation of hostilities, 143
given plantation by state, 187
president of Cincinnati, 235
Wells, Andrew Elton, on conditions in Georgia, 1775, 49
and illegal trade, 50
Wells, Humphry, on supreme executive council, 156
Wereat, John, agent for Continental Marine Committee, 112
on supreme executive council, 156
commissioner of public trade, 169
at ratifying convention, 269
West Indies, trade, 1780s, 211
Western territory, 260-65
cession to Congress, 264
Whig-Tory split in Georgia, 1779, 126
Whigs, 74-75, arguments between factions, 85-89
power at low ebb, 131-33
persecuted by Thomas Brown, 131-32
made from Tories, 162
White House at Augusta, Whigs hanged, 134
White, James, Continental Indian superintendent, 246-47
report to Knox, 246-47
Whitefield, George, Indian agent, 249
Wilkes County, refuses to submit to British, 132, 134-35, 161
produces cotton, 216
Willett, Col. Marinus, invites Creeks to New York, 251
Williamson, Col. Andrew, commands South Carolina militia in Georgia, 107-08, 131
Williamson, Micajah, at capture of Augusta, 135
Winn, Richard, Continental Indian superintendent, 249-50
Wright, Sir James, Governor of Georgia, 3-5
background and education, 3
economic affairs, 4
relations with council, 4
relations with assembly, 4-5
opposes Stamp Act Congress, 18-19
tries to quiet anti-stamp troubles, 20-23
action approved in England, 24
disapproves speaker of Commons House, 34-35
goes to England on leave, 1771, 35
returns to Georgia, 1773, 37
opposes protest meetings, 1774, 41-42
asks for troops and naval vessels, 46
on liberty and government, 47-48
disapproves transfer of troops to Georgia, 1775, 50-51
mail opened at Charleston, 51
Georgia lost to British cause, 53-54, 64
appoints day of fasting and prayer, 58
invites loyalists to Georgia, 66
tries to help British vessels, 68
leaves Georgia, 68-69
delays revolution, 72-73
ideas on government, 72-73
plans for recapture of Georgia, 116-17
returns to Georgia, 124-25
fears for Tory Georgia, 1779, 126-27, 132
siege of Savannah, 128-29
requests troops, 130-31, 137-38, 138-39, 154-55
relations with British military commanders, 137-38, 154-55
disapproves Clinton’s militia regulations, 139
proposes cessation of hostilities, 143
objects to evacuation of Georgia, 144
his slaves sent to Jamaica, 145
action as governor, 1779-1782, 154-55
leaves Georgia, 155
characterized, 277
and the new Georgia, 281-82
Writs of assistance, favored by Stokes, 37-38
Wylly, Alexander, and Stamp Act Congress, 18-19
and Townshend Revenue Acts, 28-29
Yazoo River, and Bourbon County, 262
Young, Thomas, aids Whigs and British, 99
Young, William, speaker of Commons House, 37
Zubly, Rev. John Joachim, dissenting clergyman, 13-14
sermon “The Stamp Act Repealed,” 24
“The Claim of the Colonies . . . Examined,” 24
opposes disapproval of speaker by governor, 36-37
preaches “The Law of Liberty” to Provincial Congress, 57
Continental delegate, 58
drafts petition to king, 58-59
condemned as a Tory, 66
opposes American independence, 66, 92
Continental delegate, 91-92
favors trade, 91-92
war years and death, 176