NOTES

CHAPTER I

1. The journal of this congress was printed in Charleston in 1764 and is reproduced in William L. Saunders, Walter Clark, and Stephen B. Weeks, eds., The Colonial Records of the State of North Carolina (10 vols., Raleigh, 1886-1890), X, 156-207. (Henceforth cited as NCCR) A complete account of the congress and a copy of its treaty are in Charles G. Jones, Jr., The History of Georgia (2 vols., Boston, 1883), II, 43-46.

2. The most complete account of the governmental organization and operation of royal Georgia is Percy Scott Flippin, “The Royal Government in Georgia, 1752-1776,” Georgia Historical Quarterly, VIII, 1-37, 81-120, 243-291; IX, 187-245; X, 1-25, 251-276; XII, 326-352; XIII, 128-153. (Henceforth cited as GHQ.) Shorter accounts are in Albert B. Saye, A Constitutional History of Georgia, 1732-1945 (Athens, 1948), 47-70, and in any general history of Georgia.

3. See article on Wright by E. Irving Carlyle in Dictionary of National Biography, LXIII, 107-109.

4. Wright to the Earl of Hillsborough, May 31, 1768, Allen D. Candler and Lucian Lamar Knight, eds., The Colonial Records of the State of Georgia (26 vols., Atlanta, 1904-1916. Vols. 27-39 in manuscript at Georgia Department of Archives and History, Atlanta); Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 311. (Henceforth cited as CRG or Ms. CRG.)

5. For accounts of Wright’s plantations, slaves, crops, etc., see Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, VI (Savannah, 1904), 101-121. (Henceforth cited as Collections, GHS.)

6. John R. Alden, John Stuart and the Southern Colonial Frontier (Ann Arbor, 1944), 232, 294-295; Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 329; CRG, X, 576-579; Georgia Gazette, Dec. 14, 1768; Wright to Hillsborough, Jan. 14, 1769, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 391.

7. Wright to Hillsborough, Jan. 5, 1767, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 154.

8. On the 1773 cession see Alden, John Stuart, 301-306; Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 547-655. The treaty is in ibid., XXXIX, 499.

9. The 1773-1774 Creek troubles are treated in Alden, John Stuart, 306-311; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 132-135; Georgia Gazette for the period; and CRG and Ms. CRG, passim.

10. On land granting see Flippin, “The Land System,” GHQ, X, 1-25.

11. Council minutes, Oct. 2, 1770, CRG, XI, 155; James Habersham to Henry Laurens, June 3, 1771, Collections, GHS, VI, 132; Habersham to James Wright, Dec. 29, 1771, ibid., 159.

12. “Report of Sir James Wright on the Conditions of the Province of Georgia, on 20th Sept. 1773,” Collections, GHS, III, 167. See also Stella H. Sutherland, Population Distribution in Colonial America (New York, 1936), 259-260.

13. Wright’s report Sept. 20, 1773, Collections, GHS, III, 164-165.

14. Ibid. and Georgia Gazette furnish most of the information about Georgia’s trade.

15. The best treatment of religion in colonial and Revolutionary Georgia is Reba Carolyn Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia in the Eighteenth Century (New York, 1939). The information on religion comes from Strickland unless another source is indicated.

16. CRG, XVIII, 258-272, summarized in Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 104-105.

17. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 130; CRG, XII, 20-21, 320.

18. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 110.

19. The best picture of Georgia dissenters at the end of the colonial period is a very interesting “‘Letter of Rev. John J. Zubly, of Savannah, Georgia,” [1773], in Proceedings of Massachusetts Historical Society, 1864-1865, pp. 214-219.

20. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 108-109; J. H. Campbell, Georgia Baptists (Macon, Ga., 1874), 175-176.

CHAPTER II

1. CRG, XVII, 113-114, 131-132, 345-346, 353, 356-358, 696, 763-764; XIV, 459.

2. Assembly resolutions March 25, 1765, in CRG, XIV, 252-253; XVII, 199-200. Assembly committee of correspondence to Colonial Agent Knox, April 15, 1765, Collections, GHS, VI, 30-33.

3. Committee of correspondence to Knox, April 15, 1765, Collections, GHS, VI, 32; James Habersham to Knox, Oct. 27, 1765, ibid., 44-46.

4. Committee of correspondence to Knox, July 18, 1765, ibid., 40-41.

5. See especially Georgia Gazette, April 25, May 2, June 27, Aug. 15, 22, Sept. 5, 19, Oct. 3, 10, 17, 24, 1765.

6. CRG, XIV, 270-273.

7. Ibid., 270-274. Georgia Gazette, Oct. 31, 1765.

8. Georgia Gazette, Oct. 31, 1765; Wright to Conway, Jan. 31, 1766, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 61.

9. Georgia Gazette, Oct. 31, Nov. 14, 1765.

10. Oct. 31, 1765, CRG, IX, 435.

11. Georgia Gazette, Nov. 7, 1765.

12. Ibid.

13. CRG, IX, 438-439. Proclamation in Georgia Gazette, Nov. 14, 1765.

14. Wright to Conway, Jan. 31, 1766, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 61-62.

15. CRG, XIV, 300-301, 304-306, 315.

16. Nov. 22, 1765, ibid., IX, 439-440.

17. Ibid., 453-458, 460; Wright to Conway, Tan. 31, 1766, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 62.

18. Wright to Board of Trade, Jan. 15, 1766, BT Ga., XXX, 273, quoted in Flippin, GHQ, VIII, 91-92; Wright to Conway, Jan. 31, 1766, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 62; extract of a letter from Georgia, Jan. 6, 1766, South Carolina Gazette and Country Journal, Jan. 21, 1766.

19. Wright to Conway, Jan. 31, 1766, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 62; S. C. Gazette, Jan. 21, 1766; James Habersham to George Whitefield, Jan. 27, 1766, Collections, GHS, VI, 54-55.

20. S. C. Gazette, Feb. 25, 1766; Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 121-122.

21. S. C. Gazette, Oct. 31, Dec. 17, 1765; Ms. S. C. Council Journal (S. C. Archives Dept., Columbia), 628, 639, 649-650, 701-702, 703-709; William Bull to Conway, Feb. 6, 1766, Ms. Public Records of S. C., XXXI, 22-25; Wright to Conway, Feb. 12, 1766, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 112.

22. Wright to Conway, Feb. 7, 1766, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 64-65.

23. S. C. Gazette, April 29, 1766.

24. Wright to Conway, March 10, 1766, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 116-117.

25. CRG, XIV, 300-301, 304-306, 315.

26. Ibid., 358.

27. Ibid., 370-372, 374.

28. Ibid., 377-381. Wright to Conway, July 23, 1766, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 129-130.

29. Shelburne to Wright, Sept. 22, 1766, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 126-127.

30. John J. Zubly, ‘‘The Stamp Act Repealed.” Pamphlet, Rare Book Room, Library of Congress. (Henceforth cited as LC.)

31. For a general treatment of the Georgia agent see Flippin, “Royal Government in Georgia,” GHQ, VIII, 284-291.

32. Committee of correspondence to Knox, July 18, 1765, Collections, GHS, VI, 40-41.

33. Habersham to Knox, Oct. 28, 30, 1765, ibid., 44-49.

34. CRG, XIV, 293-294; XVII, 224.

35. CRG, XIV, 335-336.

36. CRG, XVII, 269.

37. CRG, XIV, 317-319.

38. Ibid., 387, 458; XVII, 356; Habersham to Samuel Lloyd, Sept. 5, 1767, Collections, GHS, VI, 60.

39. CRG, XVII, 363-368, 372-373.

40. Ibid., 373-374; Wright to Shelburne, April 6, 1767, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 183-187.

41. CRG, X, 433.

42. CRG, XIV, 527, 567, 573-574; XVII, 392, 438; XIX, Part I, 12-14.

43. Georgia Gazette, Jan. 26, March 9, 1774; CRG, XVII, 774-786. Franklin’s career as Georgia Agent is treated fully in Alfred Owen Aldridge, “Benjamin Franklin as Georgia Agent,” Georgia Review, VI, 161-173.

44. Wright to Commons House, Jan. 20, 1767, CRG, XIV, 412-414.

45. Commons House to Wright, Feb. 18, 1767, ibid., 441; Wright to Shelburne, April 6, 1767, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 97-98; Wright to Gage, Feb. 25, 1767, Gage Papers, American Series, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan. (Henceforth cited as CL.)

46. Commons House to Wright, March 26, 1767, CRG, XIV, 474-475; Wright to Gage, April 2, 1767, Gage Papers, Am. Series.

47. CRG, XIV, 474-477; Wright to Gage, July 20, 1767, Gage Papers, Am. Series.

48. Gage to Wright, May 16, 1767, Gage Papers, Am. Series; and Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 245-246.

49. Shelburne to Wright, July 18, 1767, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 214.

50. Wright to both houses of assembly, Oct. 27, 1767, CRG, XIV, 479-480, 486; XVII, 380.

51. Ibid., XIX, Part I, 44-45.

52. Gage to Wright, June 12, 24, Aug. 25, 1768, Gage Papers, Am. Series.

53. For the general history of American legislatures’ reaction to the Mutiny Act see John G. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943), 237-240; and George E. Howard, Preliminaries of the Revolution (New York, 1905), 175-176, 183-185.

54. Wright to Shelburne, April 6, 1767, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 98-99.

55. Act of April 11, 1768, CRG, XIX, Part I, 8-9.

56. April 11, 1768, CRG, XIV, 584.

57. Alexander Wylly to Speaker of Massachusetts House of Representatives, Tune 16, 1768, Georgia Gazette, Aug. 31, 1768.

58. Hillsborough to Wright, Sept. 15, 1768, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 332-333.

59. Wright to Hillsborough, May 23, 1768, ibid., 282-283.

60. CRG, XVII, 454; XIV, 592-593, 595-596.

61. Ibid., XIV, 643-645.

62. Ibid., 656-659; Georgia Gazette, Dec. 28, 1768; Wright to Hillsborough, Dec. 23, 1768, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 380.

63. Wright to Hillsborough, Aug. 15, 1769, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 412.

64. Georgia Gazette, July 19, 1769.

65. Ibid., Sept. 13, 1769.

66. Ibid., Sept. 20, 1769.

67. Ibid.; Allen D. Candler, ed., The Revolutionary Records of the State of Georgia (3 vols., Atlanta, 1908), I, 8-11. (Henceforth cited as RRG.)

68. Wright to Hillsborough, Sept. 20, 1769, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 417-418; March 1, 1770, ibid., 436; Georgia Gazette, March 21, 1770.

69. Wright to Hillsborough, Aug. 15, 1769, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 109-112.

70. Georgia Gazette, Sept. 27, Oct. 4, 1769.

71. Wright to Hillsborough, Nov. 8, 1769, March 1, May 10, 1770, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 423, 436, 441-442; Edward Telfair to Basil Cowper, Oct. 7, 1767, Telfair Papers, Mss. Division, Duke University Library.

72. Wright to Hillsborough, Nov. 8, 1769, May 10, 1770, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 423, 441.

73. S. C. Gazette, May 10, June 28, Dec. 13, 1770; Virginia Gazette (P D), Aug. 16, 1770.

74. March 25, 1765, CRG, XVIII, 689-691.

75. Wright to secretary of state, Dec. 26, 1768, PRO, Board of Trade, Ga., XXXI, 231, quoted in Flippin, GHQ, VIII, 245.

76. CRG, X, 945-946; XV, 46-49, 86-87; Wright to secretary of state, May 11, 1770, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 450-451.

77. Commons House to Wright, Feb. 20, 1770, CRG, XV, 123-124.

78. Ibid., 127-128, 159-160; Council to Wright, March 12, 1770, Georgia Gazette, March 14, 1770.

79. CRG, XV, 153; XIX, Part I, 170.

80. Ibid., XV, 202, 206-207.

81. Feb. 20, 1771, ibid., 298-299.

82. Ibid., 295-296; XI, 253-257.

83. Feb. 22, ibid., XI, 253-258; XV, 300.

84. Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 10, 1773, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 83-84; Dartmouth to Wright, Oct. 28, 1773, ibid., 92-93.

85. April 24, 1771, CRG, XV, 305-306.

86. Ibid., 311-312.

87. Ibid., XI, 335-336; XVII, 650; XV, 313-314; Wright to Hillsborough, April 30, 1771, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 535-538.

88. Hillsborough to Habersham, Dec. 4, 1771, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 552-553; CRG, XI, 429.

89. See letters of Habersham to Wright, Hillsborough, Knox, and others in the fall and winter, 1771-1772, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 550-625; Collections, GHS, VI, 150-151, 155-158, 166.

90. Habersham to Wright, March 12, 1772, Collections, GHS, VI, 168-169. Only nineteen people in Savannah voted in this election.

91. CRG, XV, 320-323; Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 637-647.

92. CRG, XV, 324-325, 329-330; XVII, 655-658.

93. Ibid., XV, 330-334; XVII, 663-664; Habersham to Hillsborough, April 30, 1772, Collections, GHS, VI, 174-180.

94. Hillsborough to Habersham, Aug. 7, 1772, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 1-3.

95. Collections, GHS, VI, 181, 183-184.

96. John J. Zubly, Calm and Respectful Thoughts on the Negative of the Crown on a speaker chosen and presented by the Representatives of the People. Pamphlet, Rare Book Room, LC.

97. Collections, GHS, VI, 187-188, 197.

98. CRG, XV, 337-338; Habersham to Charles Pryce, Jan. 16, 1773, Collections, GHS, VI, 221-222.

99. Collections, GHS, VI, 145-223, passim.

100. A minute of the court meeting, Jan. 7, 1772, is in Public Record Office (London), Colonial Office, Class 5, Vol. 145, p. 8v. (Henceforth cited PRO, CO 5:.)

101. Ibid., p. 8v, 8r. See memorial of Chief Justice Stokes on these applications in PRO, CO 5:116, 334ff, and Ms. CRG, XXXIV, 35-36.

102. Sept. 10, 1773, CRG, XV, 421-427.

103. Georgia Gazette, Feb. 2, 1774. This committee consisted of the speaker, Noble Wimberly Jones, Joseph Clay, Samuel Farley, David Zubly, Thomas Nethercliff, Nathaniel Hall, Henry Yonge, John Stirk, or any five of them.

CHAPTER III

1. Wright to Dartmouth, July 25, 1774, American Archives, 4 Series (6 vols., Washington, 1837-1846), I, 633-634.

2. RRG, I, 11; American Archives, 4 Series, I, 549.

3. Wright to Dartmouth, July 25, 1774, American Archives, 4 Series, I, 633-634.

4. “A Friend of Georgia” handbill dated July 25, 1774, filed with Georgia Gazette in GHS.

5. Georgia Gazette, Aug. 3, 1774; George White, Historical Collections of Georgia (New York, 1854), 44.

6. American Archives, 4 Series, I, 638-639.

7. A copy is in RRG, I, 12-13.

8. Aug. 5, 1774, ibid., 14-15; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 150-151.

9. Georgia Gazette, Aug. 17, 1774; RRG, I, 15-17.

10. Letter of Sept. 2, 1774, American Archives, 4 Series, I, 766-767.

11. Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 13, 1774, ibid., 708; Aug. 24, 1774, Collections, GHS, III, 180-182; Wright to Gage, Aug. 19, 1774, Gage Papers, Am. Series.

12. Apparently this protest was taken to Savannah by someone who did not attend the meeting; it is not clear if he tried to gain admission. The petition is in RRG, I, 24-26, and the statement about its non-receipt is in ibid., 22-23.

13. The following petitions have been located: Christ Church Parish, Savannah, 101 signatures; St. Paul’s Parish, Kyokee and Broad River settlements, 127 signatures; St. Paul’s Parish, Augusta, 38 signatures; St. George’s Parish, Wrightsborough, 123 signatures; St. George’s Parish, Queensborough (Irish Settlement), 53 signatures; St. George’s Parish, 144 signatures; St. Matthew’s Parish and Ebenezer, 47 signatures.

These petitions are in Georgia Gazette, Sept. 7, 21, 28, and Oct. 12, 1774. All but one are printed in RRG, I, 17-34, copied from White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 48-49, 283-284, 437, 438, 412-413, 603-606, with fewer signatures and other changes.

14. The objections to the objections are in Georgia Gazette, Sept. 21, Oct. 19, 26, 1774.

15. The reports of the St. John’s meetings are rather indefinite. See a letter from St. John’s Parish, Sept. 2, 1774, American Archives, 4 Series, I, 766-767, and Georgia Gazette, Aug. 24, Sept. 7, 1774.

16. Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, Sept. 3, 1774, Georgia Gazette, Sept. 21, 1774.

17. Not all early 1775 records are extant.

18. Wright to Gage, Nov. 4, Dec. 24, 1774, Gage Papers, Am. Series.

19. Wright’s proclamation Nov. 11, 1774, Georgia Gazette, Nov. 16, 1774.

20. The first time any voting qualification other than the ownership of fifty acres of land had been used in Georgia.

21. Georgia Gazette, Dec. 7, 14, 21, 28, 1774; Jan. 11, 1775.

22. Extract of a letter from Savannah, Dec. 9, 1774, American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1033-1034; Joseph Clay & Co. to Messrs. Bright & Pechin, Dec. 10, 1774, Ms. Letter Book of Joseph Clay & Co., GHS.

23. Georgia Gazette, Dec. 14, 1774.

24. RRG, I, 37-42; White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 554-556.

25. Wright to Dartmouth, Dec. 13, 1774, American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1040; Dec. 20, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 367-368; Wright to Gage, Dec. 24, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series.

26. Georgia Gazette, Jan. 25, 1775.

27. RRG, I, 54-56; White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 521-522.

28. RRG, I, 43-48; White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 58-61.

29. Letter of Jones, Bulloch, and Houstoun to Continental Congress, April 6, 1775, RRG, I, 63-66; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 172-174.

30. Wright to Dartmouth, Feb. 1, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 371-374. No journal of the congress is known to exist.

31. Council Minutes, Jan. 3 and 9, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 7-10; Wright to Dartmouth, Feb. 1, 1775, Ms. CRG, • XXXVIII, Part I, 371-374.

32. RRG, I, 34-36; American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1152-1153.

33. RRG, I, 36-37; American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1155-1156.

34. American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1154-1155.

35. Ibid., 1153-1154; Georgia Gazette, Feb. 1, 1775.

36. American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1160; Georgia Gazette, Feb. 1, 1775.

37. RRG, I, 48-53.

38. Council Minutes, Feb. 10, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 11-12; Feb. 11, 1775, The Journals of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (3 vols., Philadelphia, 1942-1945), II, 682.

39. Jones, Bulloch, and Houstoun to Continental Congress, April 6, 1775, RRG, I, 63-66; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 172-174. This letter is a very good summary from the viewpoint of disgusted Whigs of the situation in Georgia for the first three months of 1775. Jones to Benjamin Franklin, May 6, 1775, Noble W. Jones Papers, Duke University Library.

40. South Carolina action of Feb. 8 and 16, 1775, S. C. Gazette, March 6, 1775, and RRG, I, 57-58; Pennsylvania, April 27, American Archives, 5 Series, II, 421; Maryland, May 3, ibid., 380; New Jersey, May 26, New Jersey Archives, X, 597-598; Virginia, June 19, American Archives, 4 Series, II, 1221.

41. May 17, 1775, Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789 (Library of Congress Edition, 34 vols., Washington, 1904-1937), II, 54. (Henceforth cited as JCC.)

42. Joseph Clay & Co. to Michael Collins, April 8, 1775, Ms. Letter Book of Joseph Clay & Co., GHS.

43. Andrew Elton Wells to Samuel Adams, March 18, 1775, Samuel Adams Papers, New York Public Library.

44. RRG, I, 58-62; S. C. Gazette, Feb. 27, 1775; JCC, II, 45-47.

45. JCC, II, 47. This is probably what Wright meant when he said that the St. John’s people no sooner entered the association than they broke it. Wright to Dartmouth, April 24, 1775, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 523.

46. Georgia Gazette, March 29, 1775; Wright to Dartmouth, April 24, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 426-427; American Archives, 4 Series, II, 1830-1831; JCC, II, 44-45, 47-50.

47. Council Minutes, Feb. 21, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 12-14; Wright’s proclamation of Feb. 21, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1253; Wright to Dartmouth, Feb. 24, 1775, and supporting evidence, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 395-417.

48. Dartmouth to Wright, Feb. 1, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 364.

49. Gage to Major Furlong, April 16, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Gage to Wright, April 16, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 188.

50. Wright to Gage, June 7, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Wright to Dartmouth, June 17, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 187-188; council minutes, July 25, 1775, ibid., X, 34.

51. The original and substituted letters are in American Archives, 4 Series, I, 1109-1111. See R. W. Gibbs, Documentary History of the American Revolution (3 vols., 1853-1857), I, 100; and John Drayton, Memoirs of the American Revolution (2 vols., 1821), I, 346-350, 357, for the story of the substitution of the letters. The substituted letter to Gage is in Gage Papers, Am. Series. Wright reported this episode to Dartmouth, Jan. 3, 1776, Collections, GHS, III, 230.

52. Lord William Campbell to Gage, July 1, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Charleston Committee of Intelligence to the Committee at Savannah, July 4, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, II, 1569; JCC, II, 185; Wright to Dartmouth, July 10, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 194-195.

53. Council minutes, May 2, 11, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 20-22; Wright’s proclamation, Georgia Gazette, May 17, 1775.

54. Jones, History of Georgia, II, 175-176, says that Noble W. Jones, Joseph Habersham, Edward Telfair, William Gibbons, Joseph Clay, John Milledge, “and some other gentlemen” broke open the magazine. None of the contemporary accounts give any names. Council minutes, May 12, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 22-23; proclamation of Wright, May 12, 1775, Georgia Gazette, May 17, 1775; Wright to Dartmouth, May 12, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 439.

55. Georgia Gazette, June 7, 1775. The Gazette did an admirable job of reporting these events.

56. Deposition of George Baillie, July 6, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 533-534; council minutes, July 4, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 28-29; CRG, XII, 412-413.

57. Depositions of James Kitching, June 29, and Isaac Antrobus, July 4, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 482-495. Council minutes, July 4, 1775, CRG, XII, 411-412; Collections, GHS, X, 28.

58. Wright to Dartmouth, July 8, 10, 18, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 191, 194, 198-199; depositions, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 606-616, 631-634; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 180-182; William B. Stevens, A History of Georgia . . . (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1847-1859), II, 103-104.

59. Noble W. Jones to Committee for Receiving Donations for the Distressed Inhabitants of Boston, American Archives, 4 Series, II, 871-872.

60. Letter from Charleston, June 29, 1775, ibid., 1120; circular from South Carolina Committee, NCCR, X, 57.

61. Wright to Dartmouth, June 9, 17, July 10, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 446-449; Collections, GHS, III, 183-186, 195. Tonyn to Gage, July 17, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Campbell to Gage, July 29, 1775, ibid.; Campbell to Dartmouth, July 19, 1775, Fourteenth Report, Historical Manuscripts Commission, Part X, 332. (Henceforth cited as HMC.)

CHAPTER IV

1. RRG, I, 232-234.

2. Ibid., 252, gives the date as June 5; Georgia Gazette, June 21, 1775, gives the date as June 13.

3. RRG, I, 252-253; Georgia Gazette, June 14, 21, 1775.

4. For notices and resolutions of these meetings see Georgia Gazette, June 14, 21, 28, 1775.

5. Jones, History of Georgia, II, 177.

6. RRG, I, 231. The entire journal of the first meeting of this congress is given in ibid., 229-259, and the material which follows is from that source unless some other source is given.

7. A copy of the sermon, printed by Henry Miller (Philadelphia, 1775), is in the DeRenne Collection, U. of Ga. It is reprinted in American Archives, 4 Series, II, 1557-1568. On Zubly’s early Whig activities see Marjorie Daniel, “John Joachim Zubly-Georgia Pamphleteer of the Revolution,” Georgia Historical Quarterly, XIX, 1-16. (Henceforth cited as GHQ).

8. Council minutes, July 7, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 30; Wright to Dartmouth, July 8, 1775, ibid., III, 162. The proclamation of July 10 is in Georgia Gazette, July 12, 1775.

9. Action of Congress July 17, 1775, RRG, I, 258; council minutes, July 25, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 34-35; Wright to Dartmouth, July 29, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 523-533.

10. The resolutions are in RRG, I, 235-239; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 185-188; Stevens, History of Georgia, II, 109-114; White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 67-70.

11. RRG, I, 240-241.

12. Ibid., 241, 243.

13. Ibid., 241, 243, 263-267.

14. Ibid., 244-248.

15. July 11, ibid., 249-251.

16. Ibid., 243, 251-252.

17. Ibid., 254-255. The apportionment was as follows:

18. Ibid., 257-258.

19. Ibid., 259.

20. Ibid., 260-262.

21. Ibid., 258-259.

22. Bulloch to President of the Continental Congress, July 20, 1775, JCC, II, 192-193.

23. RRG, I, 259. There is no indication that the congress reassembled on August 19.

24. Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 7, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 205. For tactics used to get signatures see this letter of Wright and Tho. Skinner to James Hore, Sept. 18, 1775, PRO, CO 5: 134, f. 140.

25. JCC, II, 251-252. Sept. 15, 1775.

26. See happenings in July-Sept., 1775, in Georgia Gazette (especially Sept. 20); Ms. Letter Book of Joseph Clay & Co., GHS (especially July 13, 30, Aug. 4, 11, 18, Sept. 16); Wm. Moss to John & Thomas Hodgson, Aug. 17, 1775, PRO, CO 5: 134, f. 14b; Minutes of General Committee, Sept. 14-18, in Ga. Records Misc., Force Transcripts, Mss. Div., LC.

27. S. C. Gazette, Sept. 7, 1775.

28. Joseph Clay & Co. to Mr. Stead, Sept. 16, 1775, Ms. Letter Book, GHS; diary of Richard Smith on debates in Congress, Sept. 14, 1775, Edmund C. Burnett, ed., Letters of Members of the Continental Congress (8 vols., Washington, 1921-1936), I, 194; John Adams, notes on debates in Congress for Sept. Oct., JCC, III, 472-504.

29. See correspondence of Wright throughout this period in Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, last 200 pages.

30. Charleston Council of Safety to Georgia Council or Congress, Dec. 14, 1775, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 86-87, and action of Georgia Council of Safety, Dec. 24, 1775, RRG, I, 81.

31. See minutes of the council of safety for Nov., 1775-Feb., 1777, in RRG, I, 68-227.

32. Ibid., 105-106.

33. Ibid., 71-72, 80, 82, 100.

34. Ibid., 73, 76.

35. Jan. 16, 1776, ibid., 100.

36. Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 17, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 207; Georgia Gazette, Aug. 16, 1775.

37. Statement of Chief Justice Stokes before royal council, Aug. 15, 1775, CRG, XII, 431. Oaths of the Rev. Haddon Smith, Aug. 7, 1775, and John Neidlinger, July 25, and Aug. 16, 1775, in Fulham Palace Ms., N. C., S. C., and Ga., No. 28, pp. 1-11.

38. Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 625-626; Wright to Dartmouth, Dec. 19, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 228.

39. RRG, I, 256, 71-72; royal council minutes, Aug. 1, 15, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 36-46; Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 17, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 562-583.

40. Wright to Dartmouth, Oct. 14, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 1.

41. Royal council minutes, March 7, 9, June 6, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 14-16, 24-25.

42. Anthony Stokes, A Narrative of the Official Conduct of Anthony Stokes (London, 1784), 26.

43. Ibid., 10; memorial of Stokes to Treasury, Jan. 5, 1778, Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 38; Wright to Dartmouth, Oct. 14, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 216-217.

44. Memorial of Stokes, Jan. 5, 1778, Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 38-44; XXXVIII, Part II, 47-50; Collections, GHS, III, 223-224; PRO, CO 5; 115, pp. 219-223; Stokes, Narrative, 12-22; Georgia Gazette, Dec. 6, 1775.

45. Wright to Dartmouth, Sept. 16, 23, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 209-210; Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 617-625; J. Pownall to Wright, Oct. 4, 1775, ibid., 508-510; Dartmouth circular Nov. 8, 1775, Documents, Relative to the Colonial History of New York (14 vols., Albany, 1856-1883), VIII, 642.

46. Council minutes, June 6, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 25; depositions in Wright to Dartmouth, June 7, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 450-465.

47. Wright to Dartmouth, July 29, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 200-203; Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 536-538; S. C. Gazette, Aug. 1, 1775.

48. Memorial of Smith to Bishop of London, April 4, 1776, Fulham Palace Ms., Va., III, No. 46.

49. Georgia Gazette, Aug. 30, 1775; White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 606-607; Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 17, Sept. 16, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 208-210; Grierson to Wright, Aug. 6, 1775, and council minutes, Aug. 15, 1775, CRG, XII, 434-437; Brown to Lord North, June 4, 1783, PRO, CO 5: 82, pp. 761-768; Brown to Cornwallis, July 16, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 140.

50. Georgia Gazette, Nov. 15, 1775. Governor Chester of West Florida issued a similar proclamation on Nov. 11, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, IV, 341-342.

51. P. LeConte to Jack LeConte, Jan. 1, 1776, Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

52. Joseph Habersham to Philotheos Chiffelle, June 16, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, II, 1007-1008, and letter from Charleston, 1111-1112; Wright to Dartmouth, June 20, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 189-190; Stuart to Gage, July 9, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Stuart to Charleston Committee of Intelligence, July 18, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, II, 1681-1682.

53. Georgia Council minutes, July 4, 25, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 29, 34-35; Stuart to Gage, July 20, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Stuart to Gage, Sept. 15, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, III, 714-715; Stuart to Dartmouth, Sept. 17, 1775, PRO, CO 5: 76, f. 351-356.

54. Stuart - Dartmouth correspondence, PRO, CO 5: 76.

55. Wright to Dartmouth, Sept. 23, 1775, Collections, GHS, III, 212; Stuart to Major Small, Oct. 2, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, IV, 315; council minutes, Oct. 31, 1775, Collections, GHS, X, 46-47.

56. Stuart to Dartmouth, Dec. 17, 1775, NCCR, X, 348.

57. Alexander Skinner to General Grant, Sept. 21, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, IV, 329.

58. Gage to Stuart, Sept. 12, 1775, Gage Papers, Am. Series; Stuart to Alexander Cameron, Dec. 16, 1775, PRO, CO 5: 77, f. 55; Lt. Gov. Moultrie of East Florida to General Grant, Oct. 4, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, IV, 336. For a general treatment of Creek affairs in 1775 see Homer Bast, “Creek Indian Affairs,” GHQ, XXXIII, 1-10.

59. Jan. 7-16, 1776, RRG, I, 86-101.

60. Interview of Jan. 18, 1776, in Ms. Noble W. Jones Papers, GHS; and American Archives, 4 Series, IV, 799.

61. RRG, I, 101-104; Journal of South Carolina Council of Safety, Jan. 30, 1776, North Carolina State Records, XI, 271 (Henceforth cited as NCSR.); Journal of South Carolina Provincial Congress, Feb. 14, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, V, 570.

62. Martin Jollie to Governor Tonyn of East Florida, Feb. 13, 1776; Capt. Andrew Barkley to Sir Henry Clinton, Feb. 23, 1776; Wright to Clinton, Feb. 21, 1776, all in Henry Clinton Papers, CL; Capt. Andrew Barkley to Wright, Feb. 19, 1776, RRG, I, 106-107.

63. Wright to council, Feb. 13, 1776, RRG, I, 269-272.

64. Ibid., 108, 111-112.

65. March 2, ibid., 110-113.

66. South Carolina Provincial Congress, March 2, 5, 24, American Archives, 4 Series, V, 585-586, 588, 607-608; Wm. Ewen, President, Georgia Council of Safety to South Carolina Council of Safety, March 16, 1776, ibid., 599-600.

67. Georgia Council of Safety to South Carolina Provincial Congress, March 4, 16, 1776, ibid., 53-54, 599-603.

68. S. C. Gazette, March 20, 27, 1776.

69. Barkley to Clinton, Feb. 23, 1776; Wright to Clinton, Feb. 21, March 3, 10, 29, 1776, Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

70. It is most improbable that the article published in the Gazette by the Rev. Haddon Smith, Rector of Christ Church, under the name “Mercurious” was one of the principal reasons why Georgia did not enter the Continental Association earlier than she did, as Smith maintained in his memorial to the Bishop of London. April 4, 1776, Fulham Palace Ms., Va., III, No. 46.

71. In this connection see the opinion of Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia, 118-119.

72. On the Indian situation as a reason for loyalty see extracts of Georgia letters, Sept. 7 and Dec. 9, 1774, in American Archives, 4 Series, I, 773, 1033-1034.

73. For Parliamentary help and influence of royal officials as an aid to loyalty see letter, Sept. 4, 1774, ibid., 773.

74. Dartmouth to Wright, Nov. 2, 1774, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 325. See also Dartmouth to Wright, May 3, 1775, American Archives, 4 Series, II, 475.

75. Wright to Hillsborough, Aug. 6, 1768, Ms. CRG, XXXVII, 354-355; Hillsborough to Wright, Dec. 9, 1769, ibid., 421-422.

76. Wright to Dartmouth, Aug. 24, 1774, Collections, GHS, III, 181; Feb. 13, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 392-393.

77. Habersham to Wright, Dec. 4, 1772, Collections, GHS, VI, 217.

78. On Johnston’s personal beliefs see Anthony Stokes to Johnston, Dec. 16, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 48-50; Stokes, Narrative, 16-19; Johnston to Stokes, Dec. 15, 1775, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 47; Johnston’s signature on a loyalist petition, ibid., 19-20.

79. See Wright to Hillsborough, Nov. 18, 1768, cited in Flippin, GHQ, XIII, 151.

80. The repeated statements of Wright that the trouble in Georgia was caused by the bad example set by South Carolina and other colonies have been pointed out. Lord William Campbell, Governor of South Carolina, was willing to agree that South Carolina set a bad example for Georgia. Campbell to Dartmouth, Aug. 19, 1775, Dartmouth Mss., HMC, 14 Report, Part X, 353-355.

CHAPTER V

1. Printed in RRG, I, 274-277; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 218-220; and White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 96-98.

2. Georgia Records, Misc., Force Transcripts, Mss. Div., LC.

3. RRG, I, 116-119.

4. June 4, 1776, speech and reply in American Archives, 4 Series, VI, 718-720. There is no journal of this congress to indicate what it did to carry out Bulloch’s recommendations.

5. RRG, I, 170-171.

6. Ibid., 147-148.

7. Ibid., 158.

8. Ibid., 208-209.

9. Ibid., 131.

10. Ibid., 167.

11. Ibid., 199.

12. The exact date and circumstances surrounding Bulloch’s death are unknown. See Charles F. Jenkins, Button Gwinnett (New York, 1926), 122-123.

13. Archibald Bulloch to Geogia delegates, April 5, 1776, JCC, IV, 368.

14. John Adams to James Warren, May 20, 1776, Burnett, Letters, I, 460-461; General Mercer to President of Congress, June 15, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, VI, 903; General John Armstrong to General Charles Lee, May 8, 1776, Collections, New York Historical Society, 1872, p. 11 (Henceforth cited as NYHS.); Henry Laurens to John Laurens, Aug. 14, 1776, ibid., 217-218; New Hampshire delegates to President of New Hampshire, May 28, 1776, Burnett, Letters, I, 466.

15. White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 200-201.

16. May 10, 1776, JCC, IV, 342.

17. Bulloch’s proclamation is undated but must have been issued between Aug. 8 and 20. RRG, I, 280-281.

18. Printed in Albert B. Saye, New Viewpoints in Georgia History (Athens, 1943), 169-170; and Jenkins, Button Grinnett, 108-110. See also Lachlan McIntosh to George Walton, Dec. 15, 1776, GHQ, XXXVIII, 256.

19. The constitution is printed in RRG, I, 282-297. This is the source of the analysis in the text unless another source is given.

20. Colonial assemblymen had not always resided in the parish they represented and had been required to own 500 acres of land.

21. It had been possible to qualify in more than one parish under the colonial property qualification.

22. These counties may be seen on the 1796 map of Georgia from Guthrie’s Geography, reproduced below pp. ---. All of the original counties have as of today been considerably reduced in size except Glynn, Camden, and Chatham.

23. An illustration of this seal is given in Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 110.

24. Pennsylvania was the only other state with a one-house legislature.

25. Georgia’s constitution of 1777 was as democratic a document as was written in the early Revolutionary period. It may be compared with other revolutionary constitutions by consulting Claude H. Van Tyne, The American Revolution, 1776-1783 (New York, 1905), IX; Allan Nevins, The American States During and After the Revolution (New York, 1925); and John R. Alden, The American Revolution, 1775-1783 (New York, 1954), X.

26. Clay to Messrs. Bright and Pechin, July 2, 1777; Clay to Henry Laurens, Oct. 16, 21, 1777; Collections, GHS, VIII, 35, 47-49, 55.

27. Henry Laurens to John Laurens, Aug. 14, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 217-218; resolve of St. Andrew’s Parochial Committee, Sept. 10, 1776, Lachlan McIntosh Papers, GHS; council of safety action, June 26, 1776, RRG, I, 146-147.

28. Thomas Brown to Governor Tonyn, Nov. 8, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 557, pp. 97-99; Tonyn to Germain, Dec. 7, 1776, ibid., 67-68.

29. Clay to Edward Telfair, Aug. 10, 1777; Clay to Henry Laurens, Oct. 16, 21, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 37-38, 46-57.

30. See below, pp. 103-04.

31. For examples see RRG, II, 34-36.

32. For examples see ibid., 6-7.

33. The first incident, Feb. 22, 1777, came under the Rules and Regulations; the second, April 16, 1778, under the constitution; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 262-264, 285-286; RRG, II, 75-76.

34. There are no assembly journals for these years. A list of acts passed and copies of most of these acts do exist.

35. For copies of the laws concerned see CRG, XIX, Part II, 45-60, 61-67, 67-70, 87-99, 103-126.

36. June 7, 1777, and Nov. 15, 1778, ibid., 58-60, 128-129.

37. Ibid., 53-58, 72-80.

38. Ms. Index of Georgia Laws, Ga. Dept. of Archives and History, Sept., 1777, and March, 1778 (Henceforth cited as GDAH.); RRG, II, 27, 52-53.

39. See tables of such legislation in Claude H. Van Tyne, The Loyalists in the American Revolution (New York, 1902), 318-341.

40. March 1, 1778, RRG, I, 326-347; amending act Oct. 30, 1778, CRG, XIX, Part II, 100-103.

41. Nov. 15, 1778, CRG, XIX, Part II, 126-127.

42. See below, pp. 103-04.

43. This fact is obvious from the letter book of McIntosh for the spring of 1777. GHQ, XXXVIII, 356-368.

44. McIntosh, as a member of the council of safety, had opposed the recent election of Gwinnett as president and had refused to sign his commission. All evidence in the McIntosh case (Lachlan and George—one case in all practical effects) is highly partisan and conflicting. See Congressional action, Jan. 1, 1777, JCC, VII, 8-9; President of Congress to President of Georgia, Jan. 8, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 209. Much information is in Papers of the Continental Congress, No. 73. (Henceforth cited as PCC.) See especially Tonyn to Germain, July 19, 1776, 35-36; Gwinnett to President of Congress, March 28, 1777, 19-21; minutes of Georgia Council of Safety, March 19, 21, 26, 1777, pp. 108-111. The fullest treatment of George McIntosh’s case from his side is his memorial to Congress, Oct. 8, 1777, ibid., No. 41, VI, 33-37.

45. This phase of the George McIntosh case can be followed in his memorial to Congress Oct. 8, 1777 (cited above); extract of journal of House of Assembly, June 5, 1777, PCC, No. 73, pp. 119-120; Governor Treutlen to President of Congress, June 19, 1777, and Aug. 6, 1777, ibid., 43-47, 99-102 (printed in Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 243-250); Georgia Council minutes, June 19, 25, 1777, GHQ, XXXIV, 23-26.

46. JCC, VIII, 757-758; IX, 764-765, 787-790.

47. In addition to the material cited in notes 44-46 above, the following is useful. Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 135-172, 215-217, gives a pro-Gwinnett account. Edith Duncan Johnston, The Houstouns of Georgia (Athens, 1950), 348-365, has a somewhat more pro-McIntosh account. Both sides are given in three contemporary pamphlets, “The Case of George M’Intosh,” “Addition to the Case of George M’Intosh,” and “Strictures on the Case of George M’Intosh,” Hazard Pamphlets, Vol. 39, Rare Book Room, LC.

48. On the duel see Lyman Hall to Roger Sherman, June 1, 1777, printed in Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 226-230; Lachlan McIntosh to Colonel John Laurence, May 30, 1777, printed by the American Autograph Shop, 1937; Thomas Gamble, Savannah Duels and Duellists, 1733-1877 (Savannah, 1923), 11-16.

49. Petition of assembly Sept. 13, 1777, printed in Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 265-266. Petitions from the counties in PCC, No. 73, pp. 51-58, 67-95, 113-114. The argument of these petitions was “guilt by association,” that many of the friends of Lachlan and George were Tories.

50. Walton to Washington, Aug. 5, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 439; Washington to Walton, Aug. 6, 1777, Writings of Washington (Washington, 1933), IX, 25-26; JCC, VIII, 616; Henry Laurens to Lachlan McIntosh, Aug. 11, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 444. The Lachlan McIntosh case received a modern scholarly and pro-McIntosh treatment in Alexander A. Lawrence, “General Lachlan McIntosh and His Suspension from Continental Command During the Revolution,” GHQ, XXXVIII, 107-118. The McIntosh papers are in GHQ, XXXVIII-XL. Those which bear on the duel and suspension from command are in XXXVIII, 356-368; XXXIX, 63-68, 172-180.

51. Drayton to Humphrey Wells, June 8, 1777, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 203-205.

52. July 14, 1777, GHQ, XXXIV, 31-32. The proclamation is dated July 15, RRG, I, 309-310, 314-315.

53. Drayton to Treutlen, Aug. 1, 1777, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 207-209.

54. RRG, I, 240-241; JCC, II, 240-242.

55. Diary of John Adams, Sept. 15, 1775, Burnett, Letters, I, 194-195; Diary of Richard Smith, ibid., 192-196; JCC, II, 240.

56. Diary of Richard Smith, Sept. 14, 15, 1775, Burnett, Letters, I, 194-196; JCC, II, 251-252.

57. Joseph Clay to Mr. Stead, Sept. 16, 1775, Joseph Clay & Co., Ms. Letter Book, GHS; John Adams’ notes on debates, Sept. 23, Oct. 27, JCC, III, 481-482, 491-494, 499-500, 504.

58. JCC, III, 472-491.

59. On Zubly’s troubles after his return to Georgia, see Eunice Ross Perkins, “John Joachim Zubly, Georgia’s Conscientious Objector,” GHQ, XV, 313-323; on Zubly’s attitude toward his banishment and loss of property see “Rev. J. J. Zubly’s Appeal to the Grand Jury. Oct. 8, 1777,” ibid., I, 161-165.

60. For a detailed treatment of the congressional career of one of these delegates see Edmund C. Burnett, “Edward Langworthy in the Continental Congress,” GHQ, XII, 211-235.

61. Henry Laurens to Joseph Clay, Aug. 20, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 458; Clay to Laurens, Oct. 21, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 55.

62. Certificate of Colonel William Kennon, 14 May (or Feb.) 1777, GHQ, I, 45-49; Treutlen to John Hancock, Aug. 6, 1777, PCC, No. 73, pp. 102-103; JCC, VIII, 644-646.

63. Howe to President of Congress, Sept. 12, 1777, PCC, No. 160, pp. 397-398; Laurens to Isaac Motte, Jan. 26, 1778, Burnett, Letters, III, 51; Clay to Howe, Oct. 15, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 41-45.

64. Howe to Governor Houstoun, May 3, 1778, PCC, No. 160, pp. 457-458; Clay to Howe, May 19, June 20, 1778, Collections, GHS, VIII, 71-73, 86-87; Clay to Laurens, May 30, 1778, ibid., 76-78.

65. Sept. 21, 1778, JCC, XII, 937-939.

66. Laurens to Governor Houstoun, June 22, July 18, 1778, Burnett, Letters, III, 313, 336-337.

67. Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 76-77.

68. John Adams, notes on debates, July 26, 1776, JCC, VI, 1077-1078.

69. Oct. 7, 1777, JCC, IX, 779-782.

70. JCC, XI, 656.

71. Nathaniel Scudder to Speaker of New Jersey Assembly, July 13, 1778, Burnett, Letters, III, 327; Josiah Bartlett to John Langdon, July 13, 1778, ibid., 329; JCC, XI, 712-716; Burnett, “Edward Langworthy in the Continental Congress,” GHQ, XII, 220.

72. JCC, XI, 670-671.

CHAPTER VI

1. JCC, III, 324-327.

2. A complete list of the original officers is given in White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 94; and Georgia Gazette, Feb. 7, 1776.

3. McIntosh to Washington, Feb. 16, April 28, 1776, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 92-94, 97-98; General John Armstrong to President of Congress, May 7, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, V, 1219-1220. These figures agree with those of an undated memorandum of Governor Wright in Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 119-120.

4. JCC, IV, 172, 180-181; Washington to McIntosh, June 4, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, VI, 709.

5. Committee reports of March 25, May 29, 1776, JCC, IV, 235-400; Lee to President cf Congress, June 6, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, p. 54.

6. McIntosh to Washington, Feb. 16, 1776, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 92-93; report of conference of Georgia deputies with General Lee, Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 114-117, and RRG, I, 150-154; Lee to Board of War, Aug. 27, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 241-245.

7. Ibid.

8. Lee to President of Congress, July 2, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 108-110.

9. Lee to Board of War, Aug. 27, 1776, ibid., 241-245.

10. Lee to Armstrong, Aug. 27, 1776, ibid., 246.

11. Lee to Archibald Bulloch, Aug. 23, 24, 1776, ibid., 238, 240-241.

12. McIntosh to Washington, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 92-94.

13. Lee to Bulloch, Aug. 28, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 247-248.

14. Resolutions of July 5, 24, and Sept. 16, 1776, JCC, V, 521-522, 606-607, 762-763; John Hancock to Convention of Georgia, RRG, I, 194-199.

15. Sept. 16, 1776, JCC, V, 761.

16. Col. Elbert to John Stirk and Seth John Cuthbert, Oct. 2, 1776, Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 6. For North Carolina recruiting see NCCR, X, 700, 718, 805; NCSR, XI, 409, 445, 446, 708; XII, 23, 35; XXII, 915-916. On Virginia recruiting see Va. Gazette, (P) June 14, (D) June 5, (P) Aug. 23, (D) Sept. 27, (P) Dec. 6, 1776; (P) Jan. 17, (P) Feb. 14, 21, Mar. 28, (P) June 13, 27, 1777.

17. McIntosh to Georgia Congressional delegation, Dec. 17, 1776, GHQ, XXXVIII, 256-257; Gov. Tonyn of East Florida to Augustine Prevost, Jan. 13, Tonyn to Germain, April 2, 1777, PRO, CO 5: 557, pp. 269-272, 382.

18. Orders of Lee, Sept. 8, 1776, NCCR, X, 795-796. See also ibid., 858-859, 880; NCSR, XI, 357.

19. NCSR, XI, 445, 685-687, 692; XII, 35, 171-172, 339, 348; XIII, 480; JCC, IX, 783, 792-793.

20. RRG, I, 212.

21. Ibid., 85-86, 130.

22. Sir Basil Keith to Germain, March 27, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 71, pp. 81-83; Capt. Hugh Gromedge to Dartmouth, April 30, 1776, Dartmouth Ms., HMC, 14 Report, X, 417; RRG, I, 191-193, 208.

23. Tonyn to British naval commander at Savannah River, Aug. 5, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 556, p. 765; RRG, I, 175-176, 178, 227-228.

24. John Hancock to the states, Nov. 20, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, III, 776-777; William Kennon to Lee, Dec. 7, 1776, ibid., 1105-1106.

25. RRG, I, 193, 210-211.

26. St. Augustine troops returns for Aug., Sept., and Oct., 1775, PCC, No. 51, I, 37-40, 45-48, 171-173; and American Archives, 4 Series, IV, 319, 321-326. For St. Augustine fears see ibid., III, 788-789; IV, 319, 336.

27. JCC, IV, 15; Richard Smith diary, Jan. 1, 2, 1776, Burnett, Letters, I, 293-294.

28. Tonyn to Clinton, Feb. 13, 15, 1776; Martin Jollie to Tonyn, Feb. 13, 1776, Henry Clinton Papers.

29. Georgia Council of Safety, May 14, 16, 1776, RRG, I, 123-124, 127-128; Florida Council minutes, May 20, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 571, pp. 197-199; Tonyn to Clinton, May 21, 1776, ibid., 556, pp. 679-682.

30. RRG, I, 148; McIntosh to Lee, July 7, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, p. 125; Tonyn to Germain, July 18, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 557, pp. 165-172; extract of a letter from Charleston, July 27, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, VI, 1230; McIntosh to Lee, July 29, 1776, GHQ, XXXVIII, 159; Va. Gazette, (P) Sept. 6, (D) Sept. 7, 14, 1776.

31. Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 106, 144-160, 171.

32. Lee to President Rutledge of South Carolina, Aug. 1, 3, 6, and Lee to Richard Peters, Aug. 2, 1776, ibid., 186-187, 188-189, 199, 200.

33. Estimated at 1500 by one Charlestonian, Aug. 7, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, I, 805. Va. Gazette, (D) Sept. 27, 1776.

34. Tonyn to British vessels in Savannah River, Aug. 5, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 556, pp. 755-756; Tonyn to Germain, Aug. 15, 1776, ibid., pp. 703-740.

35. Extract of a letter from St. Augustine, Aug. 20, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, I, 1076.

36. RRG, I, 179-182; Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 233-235.

37. Council of safety, Aug. 20-24, RRG, I, 183-189.

38. Andrew Turnbull to Arthur Gordon, Sept. 1, 1776, and Tonyn to Germain, Sept. 9, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 556, pp. 767-770, 795-798; Col. Augustine Prevost to Gen. Howe, Sept. 9, 1776, HMC, Report of American Manuscripts in the Royal Institution of Great Britain (4 vols., 1904-1909), I, 58.

39. Thomas Brown to John Stuart, Sept. 29, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 78, pp. 69-70; Tonyn to Howe, Oct. 8, 1776, ibid., 94, pp. 73-74; Tonyn to Germain, Oct. 30, 1776, ibid., 557, p. 21; William Ellery to Governor Cooke, Oct. 11, 1776, American Archives, II, 990, gives Lee’s reasons.

40. Tonyn to Howe, Oct. 8, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 94, pp. 73-74; Tonyn to Germain, Oct. 30, 1776, ibid., 557, pp. 22-24; Georgia Council of Safety, Oct. 7, 1776, RRG, I, 205-206; McIntosh letters of Oct. 1, 7, 22, 29, 1776, GHQ, XXXVIII, 160, 162, 163, 166.

41. Howe to Germain, Nov. 30, 1776, HMC, Stopford-Sackville Mss. (London, 1904-10), II, 50.

42. Tonyn to British vessels in Savannah River, Aug. 5, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 556, pp. 755-756; Capt. George Cooke to Maryland Council of Safety, Oct. 4, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, II, 863.

43. American Archives, 5 Series, II, 957; III, 1329.

44. Wm. Howe to A. Prevost, Jan. 15, 1777, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 84.

45. S. C. & American General Gazette, Feb. 27, 1777; articles of capitulation, PRO, CO 5: 557, pp. 357-360; Thomas Brown to Tonyn, Feb. 20, 1777, ibid., 345-356; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 260-263.

46. Council of safety, Feb. 21, 22, 1777, RRG, I, 224-225, supplemented by Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 122; Joseph Clay to John Burnley, Feb. 23, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 20-21; Robt. Howe to Moultrie, Feb. 23, 1777, NCSR, XI, 706-707.

47. Howe to Moultrie, Feb. 23, 1777, NCSR, XI, 706-707; Gwinnett to John Hancock, March 28, 1777, with council of safety minutes of March 4, PCC, No. 73, pp. 21-30; Howe to Washington, May 14, 1777, Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 141-142; Howe to Congress, May 8, 1777, PCC, No. 160, pp. 252-257; L. Van Loon Naisawald, “Major General Howe’s Activities in South Carolina and Georgia, 1776-1779,” GHQ, XXXV, 25, 26-28.

48. McIntosh to Gwinnett, March 28; McIntosh to Howe, April 2, 1777; McIntosh Letter Book, GHS; Lawrence, “General Lachlan McIntosh and His Suspension from Continental Command During the Revolution,” GHQ, XXXVIII, 111-115.

49. Tonyn to Stuart, April 15, 1777, PRO, CO 5: 557, pp. 597-598; Tonyn to David Tate, April 20, 1777, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 105; Joseph Clay to Josiah Smith, undated, Collections, GHS, VIII, 70-71.

50. Extract of a letter from Savannah, April 3, 1777, Va. Gazette, (P) May 30, 1777; Lyman Hall to Roger Sherman, June 1, 1777, Charles C. Jones, Jr., Biographical Sketches of the Delegates from Georgia to the Continental Congress (Boston, 1891), 98-100.

51. The daily course of the expedition can be followed in Col. Elbert’s Order Book, Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 19-37, 45. The British side is given in Tonyn to Germain, May 5, June 16, 1777, PRO, CO 5: 557, pp. 405-410, 481-488. Jones, History of Georgia, II, 264-269; Jenkins, Button Gwinnett, 141-149.

52. Executive council minutes, Aug. 5, Oct. 8, 1777, GHQ, XXXIV, 109, 123; Tonyn to Stuart, Aug. 31, Tonyn to Germain, Sept. 18, 1777, PRO, CO 5; 557, pp. 708-709, 547-550; Joseph Clay to Henry Laurens, Sept. 29, Oct. 16, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 40, 50-51.

53. Council minutes for the summer in GHQ, XXXIV; military records in Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 37-38, 47, 110-113; Joseph Clay to Henry Laurens, Oct. 16, 21, 1777, ibid., VIII, 51, 54.

54. Action of Oct. 18, 1777, JCC, IX, 820-821; James Lowell to William Whipple, Nov. 3, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 540.

55. JCC, VIII, 579, 590; Charles Thompson, notes on debates, July 25, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 422; Laurens to Lachlan McIntosh, Aug. 11 and Laurens to Clay, Aug. 20, 1777, ibid., 443-444, 458.

56. Clay to Howe, June 20, 1778, Collections, GHS, VIII, 86-87; Congressional action of Sept. 21, 1778, JCC, XII, 937-939.

57. John Wereat to McIntosh, March 13, 1778, Lachlan McIntosh Papers, Duke University Library.

58. Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 56.

59. Ibid., 48-85.

60. PCC, No. 73, pp. 141, 161-174.

61. Ibid., 142-146, 178-185.

62. Executive council minutes, March 9, 1778, RRG, II, 80.

63. Thomas Brown to Tonyn, Feb. 19, 1778, HMC, Royal Institution, I. 195, 197-199; Tonyn to Wm. Howe, Feb. 24, 1778, ibid., 199; Prevost to Wm. Howe, March 18, 1778, ibid., 211-212.

64. Executive council minutes, April 7, 1778, RRG, II, 72-73; letters, PCC, No. 160, pp. 442-454; Tonyn to Wm. Howe, April 28, 1778, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 240.

65. Undated proclamation in Tonyn to Germain, May 15, 1778, PRO, CO 5: 558, pp. 317-320.

66. April 16, 1778, RRG, II, 75-77.

67. Jones, History of Georgia, II, 293. British intelligence agreed to this number.

68. Gazette of the State of S. C., July 15, 24, Aug. 5, 1778; Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 122-178; PCC, No. 73, pp. 211-214, 218-230; No. 160, pp. 466-476; HMC, Royal Institution, I, 259, 261, 266, 269, 271-273, 275-276; PRO, CO 5: 558, pp. 381-384.

69. Assembly and council orders, Aug. 31, 1778, in Ms. Ga. General Assembly Papers, GHS and RRG, II, 97; Joseph Clay to Bright and Pechin, Sept. 2, and to Henry Laurens, Sept. 9, 1778, Collections, GHS, VIII, 101-106.

70. Laurens to Governor Houstoun, Aug. 27, 1778, Burnett, Letters, III, 384-385; Howe to Congress, Sept. 22, 1778, PCC, No. 160, pp. 483-487; JCC for Oct. and Nov., especially Nov. 10, JCC, VII, 1116-1121.

71. Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 150-152, 161-182.

72. Ibid., 42-43, 167-168.

73. Ibid., 182-185.

74. Howe to Congress, Sept. 12, 1777, PCC, No. 160, pp. 397-398; Clay to Howe, Oct. 15, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 55.

75. Clay to Howe, May 19, to Laurens, May 30, Sept. 9, 1778, Collections, GHS, VIII, 71-73, 76-78, 103-104.

76. RRG, I, 221; II, 47-50, 70-71, 82-84, 96; GHQ, XXXIV, 27, 31, 33, 121, 124; Clay to Laurens, Oct. 13, 1776, Collections, GHS, VIII, 51; S. C. and American General Gazette, March 13, 1777.

77. Extract from minutes of convention, Jan. 30, 1777, and statement by James Habersham and Thos. Stone, Oct. 28, 1783, “Oliver Bowen,” Misc. file, GDAH.

78. Journal of the Commissioners of the Navy of South Carolina, May 1, June 30, 1777, pp. 60, 77, Ms. in S. C. Archives Dept.; enclosure in Tonyn to Germain, April 2, 1777, PRO, CO 5; 557, p. 381.

79. GHQ, XXXIV, 32; RRG, II, 68-70.

80. Council action, Aug. 25, 27, Nov. 15, 1778, RRG, II, 78-88, 92, 118-119. All the disabilities of this suspension were removed by the assembly on July 23, 1783. Ibid., III, 340.

81. Elbert to Howe, April 19, 1778, S. C. & American General Gazette, April 23, 1778.

82. Marine Committee to Wereat, Nov. 14, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, III, 671.

83. Stuart to Dartmouth, Jan. 19, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 229, pp. 122-124; memorial of James Jackson and Andrew McLean to Governor Wright, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 91-92, 95-99.

84. RRG, I, 89; Stuart to Clinton, March 15, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 77, p. 213.

85. Tonyn to Taitt, April 20, and Taitt to Tonyn, May 3, 1776, in Tonyn to Clinton, June 8, 1776, Henry Clinton Papers.

86. Henry Stuart to frontier inhabitants, May 18, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, VI, 497; Taitt to Stuart, Aug. 26, 1776, PRO, CO 137: 72, pp. 11-13; Galphin to Willie Jones, Oct. 26, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, III, 648-649; JCC, V, 616-617; NCCR, X, 681; N. C. Delegates to Council of Safety, July 30, 1776, Burnett, Letters, II, 30; Robert Rae to Archibald Bulloch, July 3, 1776, American Archives, 4 Series, VI, 1228-1230; ms. council minutes, April 17, 1777, GHS.

87. Indian talk from Archibald Bulloch in Timothy Barnard to David Taitt, July 4, 1776, PRO, CO 5: 94, pp. 151-152; petition from frontier inhabitants, July 31, 1776, Collections, NYHS, 1872, pp. 181-182; Galphin to Willie Jones, Oct. 26, 1776, American Archives, 5 Series, III, 648-651.

88. Gazette of the State of S. C., July 14, 1777; Wm. McIntosh to Alexander Cameron, July 6, 1777, PRO, CO 5: 78, pp. 385-388; Taitt to Stuart, July 12, 1777, ibid., pp. 393-396.

89. Henry Laurens to Galphin, Sept. 16, 1777, Burnett, Letters, II, 494; Stuart to Germain, Oct. 6, 1777, PRO, CO 5: 79, pp. 57-67.

90. Howe to Georgia Assembly, Sept. 4, 1777, PCC, No. 73, pp. 7-13; Howe to Congress, Sept. 12, 1777, ibid., No. 160, p. 296; Clay to Laurens, Oct. 16, 21, 1777, Collections, GHS, VIII, 51, 54; JCC, IV, 823-824.

91. Andrew Pickens to Richard Winn, June 30, 1778, PCC, No. 150, III, 461; council minutes, Aug. 26, Sept. 18, 24, 1778, RRG, II, 90-91, 102-105.

CHAPTER VII

1. Germain to Wm. Knox, Oct. 19, 1776, HMC, Various Collections, VI, 126.

2. Memorial of Lord William Campbell, Sir James Wright, William Bull, and John Graham, Aug. 29, 1777, Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 4-9.

3. Memorial of Wright and Graham to Germain, July 17, 1778, ibid., 10-15.

4. Germain to Clinton, March 8, 1778, B. F. Stevens, ed., Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America, 1773-1783 (London, 1889-1895), Nos. 396 and 1062; orders of Aug. 5, 1778, HMC, Stop-ford-Sackville, II, 151.

5. Kirkland’s plan is in Henry Clinton Papers. See also Prevost to Wm. Howe, March 18, 1778, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 211-212; and Prevost to Clinton, Sept. 16, 1778, Henry Clinton Papers.

6. Peace commissioners’ “Secret Instructions” to Archibald Campbell, about Nov. 3, 1778, Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 1205; peace commissioners to Germain, Nov. 16, 1778, ibid., No. 1216.

7. Henry Laurens to Washington, Sept. 23, 1778, Burnett, Letters, III, 422-423; Gazette of the State of S. C., Nov. 11, 25, 1778.

8. Congressional action, Sept. 24, 1778, JCC, XII, 949-950; Laurens to governors of Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia, Burnett, Letters, III, 425. For North Carolina action Oct. 30-Nov. 7, 1778, see NCSR, XIII, 258-267; XXII, 936-937.

9. RRG, II, 119-120.

10. Burnett, Letters, III, 487, 494, 500, 548-549. Committee report of Nov. 10, 1778, Edward Telfair Papers (XII-C), Duke U. Library.

11. Burnett, Letters, III, 555.

12. See accounts of participating troops in Roy W. Pettengill, Letters from America, 1776-1779 (Boston, 1924), 197-198; journal of Colonel Stephen Kemble, Nov. 7, 1778, Collections, NYHS, 1883, pp. 165-166; unidentified return of troops under Campbell, Jan. 16, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 97, p. 380. Secret instructions of Admiral James Gambier to Captain Hyde Parker, Nov. 2, 1778, Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 1203.

13. Clinton to Prevost, Oct. 29, 1778, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 314.

14. Continental Journal (Boston), Feb. 18, 1779; unidentified report of expedition, Nov. 21, 1778, PCC, No. 160, pp. 503-504; Tonyn to Germain, Dec. 19, 1778, PRO, CO 5: 559, pp. 77-80; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 305-312; S. C. & American General Gazette, Nov. 26, Dec. 3, 10, 1778.

15. Congressional action, Sept. 25, 1778, JCC, XII, 951; Cornelius Harnett to Governor of North Carolina, Sept. 26, Nov. 28, 1778, Burnett, Letters, III, 426, 512; Howe to President of Congress, Nov. 24, 1778, NCSR, XIII, 498-499; Howe to Moultrie, Dec. 8, 1778, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 312-314.

16. Deposition of William Haslon, Dec. 6, 1778, in Lincoln to Governor of North Carolina, Dec. 22, 1778, NCSR, XIII, 332-334.

17. Council minutes, Dec. 17, 22-26, 1778, RRG, II, 124-125, 127-129; John Houstoun to Lincoln, Dec. 21, 1778, U. S. Revolution, Misc., 1778-1779, Mss. Div., LC.

18. Pettengill, Letters from America, 198-204; Clinton to Germain, Nov. 18, 1778, Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 1221; Gazette of the State of S. C., Dec. 30, 1778.

19. American sources for the capture of Savannah are the conflicting testimony of Howe and George Walton at Howe’s court martial, Collections, NYHS, 1879, pp. 213-311; Howe to ------------, Dec. 30, 1778, PCC, 158, I, 189-195. British sources are Campbell to Germain, Jan. 16, 1779, Gentleman’s Magazine (London), 1779, pp. 177-181, and Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 1247; Alexander Innes to Clinton, Jan. 20, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers; Hyde Parker to Admiral James Grabier, Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 1246. A modem account complete and well balanced, using the above sources is Alexander A. Lawrence, “General Robert Howe and the British Capture of Savannah in 1778,” GHQ, XXXVI, 303-327.

20. Proclamations of Jan. 4, 11, 1779, Stevens, Facsimiles, Nos. 1238, 1244. Loyalty oath in Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

21. Prevost to Clinton, Jan. 19, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 97, 227-229, 281; Lincoln to Congress, Jan. 23, 1779, PCC, No. 158, I, 201.

22. Campbell to Earl of Carlisle, Jan. 19, 1779, Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 113.

23. Wm. Moultrie to C. C. Pinckney, Jan. 10, 1779, William Moultrie, Memoirs of the American Revolution (New York, 1802), I, 259.

24. Campbell to Clinton, March 4, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 182, pp. 151-155; Prevost to Germain, March 5, 1779, ibid., 139-142; C. C. Jones, Jr., ed., “Memorandum of the Route pursued by Colonel Campbell and his column of invasion, in 1779, from Savannah to Augusta; . . .,” Magazine of American History, XVIII, 256-348; John Ashe to Governor of North Carolina, March 17, 1779, NCSR, XIV, 39; Lincoln to Congress, Feb. 27, 1779, PCC, No. 158, I, 235-241.

25. Lincoln to Governor of North Carolina, Dec. 31, 1778, NCSR, XIII, 342; Lincoln to Congress, Dec. 31, 1778, Jan. 7, Feb. 6, 1779, PCC, No. 158, I, 181-182, 185-186, 197.

26. S. C. and American General Gazette, Jan. 28, Feb. 4, 1779; Leonard Marbury to Samuel Elbert, Jan. 27, 1779, Revolutionary Collection, Duke U.; Paul L. Ford, ed., Proceedings of a Council of War Held at Burke Jail, Georgia, January 14th, 1779, . . . (Brooklyn, 1890); Prevost to Clinton, Jan. 19, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 97, 229.

27. John Dooly to Samuel Elbert, Feb. 15, 1779, U. S. Revolution, Misc., 1778-1779, Mss. Div., LC; proclamation of Dooly, June 27, 1779, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 202-203.

28. Sources cited in note no. 24 above; Virginia Gazette, (D) April 9, 1779; S. C. & American General Gazette, Feb. 25, 1779.

29. Virginia Gazette, (D) April 2, 1779.

30. For Lincoln’s movements Jan. 3-June 6, 1779, see his ms. orderly book, H M 659, Huntington Library.

31. Prevost to Germain, March 5, 1779, Gentleman’s Magazine, 1779, pp. 213. 214; Prevost to Clinton, March 6, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers; Royal Georgia Gazette, March 11, 1779; Lincoln to, March 7, 1779, White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 633; Ashe to Lincoln, March 3, 1779, NCSR, XIV, 271; Ashe to Governor Caswell, March 17, 1779, ibid., 39-43; Ashe’s court martial, ibid., 275-284; Gazette of the State of S. C., March 10, 18, 1779; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 346-353.

32. Proclamation of Prevost, Parker, and Campbell, March 4, 1779, Stevens, Facsimiles, No. 1276. Royal Georgia Gazette, March 11, 1779, lists the officials appointed.

33. Proclamation of Prevost, March 17, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 182, pp. 225-228; Prevost to Germain, April 14, 1779, ibid., 208-212.

34. Graham and Stokes were ordered back Jan. 19, 1779, and Wright March 8, Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 101-102; XXXVIII, Part II, 154-155; Stokes, Narrative, 47-49.

35. Germain to Wright, March 31, 1779, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 155-159.

36. Ibid., 176-179.

37. Wright to Germain, July 31, 1779, Collections, GHS, III, 254-255; Wright to Clinton, July 30, 1779, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 483.

38. Eighteen questions of Wright to Germain, Germain Papers, undated papers, CL. Germain expressed the opinion that with these beliefs Wright might not be the best governor to send to Georgia. Germain to William Knox, March 12, 1779, HMC, Various Collections, VI, 156.

39. Royal Georgia Gazette, Feb. 11, 1779.

40. Gazette of the State of S. C., Feb. 17, 1779.

41. Prevost to Clinton, April 16, 1779, and Clinton to Prevost, April 28, 1779, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 419, 423; Parker to Gambier, March 12, 1779, and John Henry to Gambier, March 16, 1779, PRO, Admiralty, 1: 489, pp. 403-405, 407-408.

42. Campbell to Clinton, March 9, 1779, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 395-396; Prevost to Clinton, March 15, 1778, ibid., 398-399; Clinton to Germain, April 3, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers; Royal Georgia Gazette, March 11, 1779.

43. Joseph Clay to Bright and Pechin, March 23, 1779, Collections, GHS, VIII, 130-131; Notes of James Jackson on David Ramsay’s History of the Revolution in South Carolina, pp. 9-10, GHQ, XXXVII, 62-63; Lincoln to Congress, PCC, No. 158, I, 252-253; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 354-355.

44. Notes on council of war held at Black Swamp, S. C., April 16, 1779, NCSR, XIV, 293.

45. Joseph Clay to Joseph Carleton, June 9, 1779, Collections, GHS, VIII, 138-139; John Butler to Governor Caswell, June 17, 1779, NCSR, XIV, 119; Tonyn to Clinton, July 13, 1779, HMC, Royal Institution, I, 469-470; S. C. & American General Gazette, May 29, 1779; Gazette of the State of S. C., July 9, 1779; description of movement of British army April 28-July 9, 1779, F. Shelly, Savannah, Nov. 8, 1779, H M 1528, Huntington Library.

46. Memorial of Savannah to Wright and council, July 22, 1779, asking for more troops, CRG, XII, 437-441; Prevost to Clinton and Wright to Clinton, Aug. 7, 1779, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 5-6; returns of troops in Georgia July 1, Aug. 1, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

47. McIntosh to Lincoln, Aug. 4, 1779, Misc. Mss., CL; Georgia Council to Lincoln and Governor of South Carolina, Aug. 18, 1779, RRG, II, 155-159, 162-165; ms. Journal of South Carolina House of Representatives, 1779-1780, Sept. 5, 1779, pp. 7-10, 33-34, 39.

48. Wright to Germain, Aug. 9, 1779, Collections, GHS, III, 258-259.

49. Talk of General Prevost in letter of David Taitt, Aug. 6, 1779, PRO, CO 5; 50, pp. 481-484.

50. Taitt to Clinton, June 11, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers; Prevost to Taitt, March 14, 1779, ibid.; Prevost to Germain, April 14, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 182, pp. 203-206; Indian commissioners to Germain, May 10, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 80, pp. 376-380.

51. Alexander Cameron and Charles Stuart to Germain, March 26, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 80, pp. 219-220; Germain to Clinton, Thomas Brown, and Cameron, June 25, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers.

52. Committee report, Jan. 25, 1779, Burnett, Letters, IV, 41-42.

53. Congressional action of Jan. 30, Feb. 2, March 18, April 10, July 8, 1779, JCC, XIII, 125, 132-133, 336, 436; XIV, 807; Henry Laurens to President of South Carolina, Jan. 31, 1779, Burnett, Letters, IV, 50-51; message of Governor Caswell, Jan. 19, 1779, NCSR, XIII, 629.

54. Congressional actions of Jan. 22, 28, Feb. 5, 7, JCC, XIII, 102, 149, 153-154; Burnett, Letters, IV, 52-53, 56; Rutledge to d’Estaing, March 23, 1779, Arch. Nat., Marine, B4, vol. 168, f. 164-165, transcripts in Mss. Div., LC.

55. John Rutledge to d’Estaing, Sept. 5, 1779, Arch. Nat., Marine, B4, vol. 168, ff. 169-170.

56. Lincoln to Congress, Sept. 5, 1779, PCC, No. 158, III, 275-276.

57. Council minutes, Sept. 6, 1779, Collections, GHS, X, 49-50; Wright to Germain, Nov. 5, 1779, ibid., III, 262-263.

58. Lincoln’s diary of the siege of Savannah, Sept. 3-Oct. 19, 1779, Mss. Div., LC.

59. The d’Estaing-Prevost surrender correspondence is in Jones, History of Georgia, II, 379-383. The fact that Maitland and his troops got into Savannah caused one of the major points of contention between the French and Americans. On this point see Alexander A. Lawrence, Storm Over Savannah (Athens, 1951), 46-53.

60. The biblography of the siege of Savannah is extensive, including several contemporary accounts by British, French, and American officers. The most recent, most complete, and best secondary treatment is Lawrence, Storm Over Savannah, which includes a complete bibliography from American, French, and British sources. See also W. S. Murphy, “The Irish Brigade of France at the Siege of Savannah, 1779,” GHQ, XXXVIII, 307-321.

61. Action of October 20, 1779, JCC, XV, 1191-1193; diary of John Fell, Nov. 10, 1779, Burnett, Letters, IV, 513-514; letter from “a gentleman in Jersey,” Nov. 25, 1779, N. J. Archives, Second Series, IV, 78-83.

62. Council minutes, Oct. 22, 1779, CRG, XII, 449-450.

63. Account of ball given Nov. 9, 1779, Royal Georgia Gazette, Dec. 23, 1779.

CHAPTER VIII

1. Joseph Clay to Christopher Pechin, Nov. 2, 1779, Collections, GHS, VIII, 155; Congressional action, Nov. 20, 26, 1779, JCC, XV, 1315, 1331-1332; N. C. action Oct., 1779, NCSR, XXIV, 262.

2. Clinton to Germain, Nov. 20, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

3. Resolution of South Carolina House of Representatives, Jan. 29, 1780, Ms. Journal, 1779-1780, p. 120.

4. Clinton to Prevost, Feb. 18, 1780, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 91-92; Prevost to Clinton, March 2, 1780, ibid., 96; Wright to Clinton, March 18, 1780, ibid., 103-104.

5. Wright to Clinton, Feb. 3, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 270-272; Wright to General Paterson, Feb. 14, 1780, ibid., 277-278.

6. Royal Georgia Gazette for this period; Clinton correspondence in HMC, Royal Institution, II, 100-120; Wright correspondence, Collections, GHS, III; Georgia Council minutes, CRG, XII.

7. RRG, II, 208, 243; Wright to Germain, June 9, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 306.

8. Wright to Germain, June 9, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 305-306; Brown to Cornwallis, June 18, 28, 1780, PRO, Gifts and Deposits, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 83 and 100.

9. On the Nancy Hart legend see E. Merton Coulter, “Nancy Hart, Georgia Heroine of the Revolution: The Story of the Growth of a Tradition,” GHQ, XXXIX, 118-151.

10. Wright to Cornwallis, July 9, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 118. Alured Clarke to Cornwallis, July 11, 1780, ibid., No. 124.

11. Cornwallis to Clinton, July 14, 1780, B. F. Stevens, The Clinton-Cornwallis Controversy (London, 1888), I, 231-232.

12. Wright to Germain, July 19, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 310-311; Wright to Cornwallis, July 28, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 169.

13. This story was first printed in Hugh McCall, The History of Georgia (2 vols., Savannah, 1811-1816), II, 326-327, based, says McCall, upon British officers’ accounts in his possession. Brown gives an account of the hanging in South Carolina of thirteen Whigs who had taken oath of loyalty to the King and then joined the Whigs and murdered British troops who refused to join them. Brown to David Ramsay, Dec. 25, 1786, White, Hist. Coll. of Georgia, 614-619. For Wright’s account of the hangings see Wright to Germain, Sept. 22, Oct. 27, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 435-436, and Collections, GHS, III, 321, and a printed account in PRO, CO 5: 82, pp. 329-330.

14. Jones, History of Georgia, II, 447-461; Louise F. Hays, Hero of Hornet’s Nest. A Biography of Elijah Clark (New York, 1946), 78-125; Samuel C. Williams, “Colonel Elijah Clarke in the Tennessee Country,” GHQ, XXV, 151-158. See also NCSR, XV, 135, 242.

15. Wright to Germain, Oct. 27, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 321-322. Graham’s list, undated, is in Cruger to Cornwallis, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 4, No. 37.

16. Wright to Cornwallis, Nov. 20, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 4, No. 84; Wright to Germain, Jan. 25, 1781, Collections, GHS, III, 332-333.

17. Wright to Cornwallis, April 23, 1781, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 5, No. 108.

18. Greene to Congress, May 14, 1781, PCC, No. 155, II, 62-63.

19. The capture of Augusta is covered in full in Jones, History of Georgia, II, 477-495, and Clara Goldsmith Roe, “Major General Nathanael Greene and the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution, 1780-1783” (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1947), 331-334; Greene papers for May and June in the Clements Library and Duke U. Library; Revolutionary Collection, Duke U. Library; PCC, No. 155, 11, 62-146. Surrender correspondence is printed in White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 611-614. Jones mistakenly puts the murder of Grierson after the capture of the first fort.

20. Roe, “Greene and the Southern Campaign,” 326-331; Greene to Capt. Priors, June 15, 1781, Greene Papers, CL; Greene to Congress, June 9, 20, 1781, PCC, No. 155, II, 117-118, 183; Greene to Elijah Clarke, May 29, 1781, Greene Papers, Duke U. Library; Greene to Joseph Clay, Tune 9, 1781, ibid.

21. Wright to Lt. Col. Nisbet Balfour, July 27, Aug. 16, 1781, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 306, 315; Wright to Clinton, Oct. 16, 1781, ibid., 342; loyalist petition, Sept. 22, 1781, Sir James Wright 1779-1782 folder, Telamon Cuyler Collection, U. of Ga.; assembly action, Dec. 8, 1781, Royal Georgia Gazette, Jan. 3, 1782.

22. Clinton to Leslie, Dec. 20, 1781, Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

23. Council minutes, Aug. 26, Sept. 26, 1781, RRG, II, 256, 268; Greene to Governor Brownson, Nov. 6, 1781, Greene Papers, CL; Greene to Twiggs, Dec. 7, 1781, ibid.; Greene to Twiggs, Dec. 12, 1781, Greene Papers, Duke U. Library; Greene to Robert Livingston, Dec. 19, 1781, PCC, No. 155, II, 389; Roe, “Greene and the Southern Campaign,” 405.

24. Returns of troops under Clinton throughout the period in Henry Clinton Papers, CL. See especially returns of Aug. 15, 1780, Dec. 20, 1781. “State of His Majesty’s Forces in North America,” PRO, CO 5: 105, p. 480.

25. Fourteen Von Porbeck letters, dated from Feb. 24, 1780, through June 1, 1782, are in the Von Jungkenn Collection, CL. They are vol. 3, nos. 14, 65, 69, 71, 74; vol. 4, nos. 1, 6, 21, 31; vol. 5, nos. 21, 23, 25, 26, and 61. They were translated for me by Mr. H. J. Lacher, of Athens, Ga.

26. Cornwallis to Clinton, Aug. 6, 1780, NCSR, XV, 262.

27. Wright to Germain and Cornwallis, April 2, 1781, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 494-496.

28. Wright to William Knox, Feb. 16, 1782, Collections, GHS, III, 371.

29. Nisbet Balfour to Cornwallis, Nov. 5, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 4, No. 15, p. 13.

30. Petition of inhabitants of Ebenezer, in Wright to Cornwallis, July 9, 1780, ibid., Bundle 2, Nos. 104 and 118.

31. Council minutes, Nov. 23, Dec. 24, 1779, Collections, GHS, X, 67-68, 74.

32. Wright to Clinton, May 10, June 2, 1780, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 120, 135; Wright to Cornwallis, July 3, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 169.

33. Balfour to Cornwallis, June 27, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 97.

34. Clinton’s instructions to Major Ferguson, May 22, 1780, Henry Clinton Papers, CL; Cornwallis to Clinton, June 30, 1780, NCSR, XV, 249-255; Wright to Cornwallis, July 28, 1780, PRO, Cornwallis Papers, Bundle 2, No. 169.

35. CRG, XV, 625-627, 646-647; Wright to Germain, Dec. 1, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 322-323.

36. Wright to Germain, March 5, 1781, Collections, GHS, III, 335-338; Royal Georgia Gazette, May 3, June 7, 1781; Germain to Wright, June 4, 1781, Stevens, Clinton-Cornwallis Controversy, II, 11-12.

37. General Lincoln declared on December 2, 1779, that there was only about one company for the entire four battalions; PCC, No. 158, II, 306. For Congressional and state action see JCC, XVI, 26-27, 156; Lincoln to Governor Howley, Feb. 19, 1780, Misc. Mss., CL; RRG, II, 57.

38. Assembly action, Aug. 21, 1781, RRG, III, 25.

39. On state troops see council minutes for the period, especially RRG, II, 272-273, 326, 337-338; III, 64-65, 88-90, 98; Royal Georgia Gazette, Nov. 22, 1781; John Twiggs to Greene, Dec. 16, 1782 (misdated for 1781), PCC, No. 155, II, 409-411.

40. Andrew Pickens to Greene, May 25, 1781, Revolutionary Collection, Duke U. Library.

41. Military 1779-1792 folder, Telamon Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

42. Greene to Wayne, Jan. 9, 1782, Greene letterbook, Mss. Div., LC.

43. Leslie to Germain, Jan. 3, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 379; Leslie to Clinton, Feb. 18, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 105, pp. 5-6; troop returns in Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

44. Wayne to Greene, Jan. 25, Feb. 1, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

45. Greene to Martin, Jan. 9, 1782, ibid.; Martin to Wayne, Jan. 19, 1782, ibid.

46. Statement of Mark King, Jan., 1782, Mark King Papers, GHS; John Graham to Germain, Jan. 31, 1782, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 568-569.

47. Wright’s correspondence for 1782 in Collections, GHS, III, especially 362-364.

48. Wayne to Greene, Feb. 6, 11, 22, 1782, Greene Papers, CL; Martin to Greene, Feb. 9, 1782, ibid.; Leslie-Clinton correspondence, Feb.-March, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 399-418.

49. Wayne to Greene, Feb. 28, 1782, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 507. See also Wayne to Greene, Jan. 23, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

50. Wayne to Martin, Feb. 19, 1782, Georgia council correspondence, Force transcripts, Mss. Div., LC.

51. RRG, II, 320. Copy of proclamation in German in Von Jungkenn Mss., Vol. 5, No. 26, CL; in English, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 401.

52. Von Porbeck to Von Jungkenn, March 2, 1782, Von Jungkenn Mss., V, No. 25 CL; Leslie to Clinton, March 12, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 418; Clarke to Leslie, April 11, 1782, ibid., 447-448; Wayne to Greene, March 11, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

53. NCCR, VIII, 760.

54. Sources cited in note 52 above.

55. Wayne to Greene, April 28, 1782, Greene Papers, CL; Greene to John Hanson, May 18, 1782, PCC, No. 155, II, 443.

56. “Cessation of Hostilities,” special vol. in Greene Papers, CL. The Wayne-Wright correspondence is in HMC, Royal Institution, II, 504.

57. Leslie to Clinton, April 17, 27, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 456, 470.

58. Germain to Carleton, April 4, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 106, pp. 1-13; Carleton to Leslie, May 22, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 494.

59. Carleton to Leslie, May 23, 27, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 494-495, 500; address of Wright and assembly to Leslie, June 16, 1782, CRG, XV, 662-665; Wright to Carleton, July 6, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, III, 11.

60. Jones, History of Georgia, II, 523-527.

61. Carleton to Leslie, May 23, 1782; Wayne to Greene, June 30, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

62. Wayne stated in different letters that the British evacuated Savannah on both July 10 and 11. July 11 seems to be the correct date. Wayne to Governor Martin, July 10, 1782, Force Transcripts, Ga. Indian, No. 12, Mss. Div., LC; copy of occupation order July 11, ibid.; Wayne to Greene, July 12, 1782, PCC, No. 155, II, 503-505; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 518; RRG, III, 167.

63. Wayne to Greene, July 12, 1782, PCC, No. 155, II, 503-505, 537-550; RRG, III, 121, 130-131; JCC, XXIII, 834-836.

64. Wayne to Greene, July 12, 1782, PCC, No. 155, II, 503-505.

65. Greene to Wayne, July 13, 1782; Greene to Martin, July 14, 1782; Wayne to Greene, July 17, 1782; Greene to John Habersham, Aug. 2, 1782; Greene to Wayne, Aug. 2, 1782; all in Greene Papers, CL.

66. Carleton to Shelburne, Aug. 15, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 106, pp. 329-336.

67. Wayne to Greene, June 30, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

68. Tonyn to Carleton, Oct. 11, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, III, 163-164; Tonyn to Shelburne, Sept. 24, Nov. 14, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 560, pp. 465-466, 469-471; compilation of refugees in East Florida by Jno. Winniett, inspector of refugees, Nov. 14, Dec. 23, 1782, ibid., 477, 507; undated return received from Leslie, July 18, 1782, ibid., 805-810; John Simpson to Thomas Townshend, Aug. 19, 1782, John Simpson Papers, Georgia Misc., Duke U.

69. Carleton to Shelburne, Aug. 15, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 106, pp. 329-336; Leslie to Carleton, July 13, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, III, 28-29; Archibald Campbell to William Knox, Sept. 15, 1782, HMC, Various Collections, V, 188; return of people embarked from South Carolina and Georgia, Dec. 13, 1782, Winslow Papers, Misc., Mass. Hist. Soc., Proceedings, 2 Series, III, 95.

70. “Notes on Ramsay,” GHQ, XXXVII, 78; Stevens, History of Georgia, II, 289.

71. HMC, Royal Institution, II-III, passim; RRG, III, 127.

72. Undated draft, headed “Negroes,” PRO, CO 5: 8, pp. 82-85; Leslie to Carleton, June 27, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 544; Carleton to Leslie, July 15, 1782, ibid., III, 201.

73. PRO, CO 5: 560, pp. 805-810.

74. Assembly resolutions, July 3, 15, 16, 1782, RRG, III, 119-120, 127, 130; Joseph Clay to Greene, Aug. 6, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

CHAPTER IX

1. Wright to Germain, Nov. 6, 1779, Collections, GHS, III, 269-270; council minutes, Oct. 22, 1779, CRG, XII, 450-451.

2. Charge of Stokes to grand jury, Dec. 14, 1779, Royal Georgia Gazette, Dec. 23, 1779; Wright to Germain, Jan. 20, Feb. 20, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 272-273, 276.

3. Council minutes, Feb. 16, March 8, 1780, Collections, GHS, X, 89, 91.

4. Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

5. Council minutes, March 24, 1780, Collections, GHS, X, 96; Wright to Germain, March 24, 1780, ibid., III, 279-281; Wright to Clinton, March 28, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 292-294.

6. Council minutes, May 5, 1780, Collections, GHS, X, 103.

7. Ibid., 104; CRG, XV, 564-565.

8. CRG, XV, 548-552, 556-557; XII, 472-475; Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 349-352.

9. PRO, CO 5: 685, pp. 1-6, 17-18; RRG, I, 348-363.

10. Wright to Germain, July 19, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 310. The journal of the Commons House is in CRG, XV, 547-624. No journal of the Upper House has been located. The acts passed are in PRO, CO 5: 685, pp. 1-24.

11. Royal Georgia Gazette, June 22, 1780.

12. Council minutes, June 29, Aug. 1, 7, 12, 28, Sept. 8, 1780, Collections, GHS, X, 111-112, 115-120.

13. Collections, GHS, X, 128; CRG, XV, 624-637.

14. Wright to Germain, Dec. 20, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 328.

15. For a record of royal assembly sessions, 1779-1782, see Appendix B.

16. Wright to Board of Trade, Jan. 23, 1782, Collections, GHS, III, 364. These thirty-three acts are in PRO, CO 5; 685. Copies of two other acts have been located, and the title of one other is known.

17. Act approved April 26, 1781, PRO, CO 5: 685, pp. 65-67.

18. William Knox to Lt. Col. Mark Prevost, Oct. 25, 1779, PRO, CO 5: 182, pp. 287-290; Ms. CRG, XXXIV, 650-653.

19. Knox to Mr. Cumberland, Feb. 18, 1780, PRO, CO 5: 81, pp. 26-28; Germain to Wright, July 7, 1780, July 4, 1781, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 395-396, 491.

20. CRG, XII, 469-472; Wright to Germain, May 19, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 308-309.

21. Royal Georgia Gazette, June 14, Sept. 27, 1781.

22. Germain to Wright, March 31, 1779, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 155-159.

23. Approved March 6, 1781, Royal Georgia Gazette, May 24, 1781.

24. Stokes, Narrative, 89.

25. Board of Trade to Wright, June 12, 1781, Ms. CRG, XXXIV, 658-659; Germain to Wright, June 4, 1781, ibid., XXXVIII, Part II, 492-493.

26. Memorial of board of police, April 12, 1780, Henry Clinton Papers, CL; instructions of Archibald Campbell to commissioners of claims, March 15, 1779, and report of commissioners, March 15, 1779, Germain Papers, CL.

27. Germain to Wright, July 9, 1779, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 165-166.

28. Wright to Germain, Feb. 10, Dec. 20, 1780, and report of commissioners of claims, April 24, 29, May 20, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 274-275, 288-300, 328-329.

29. CRG, XV, 593, 596-597, 600-601. A copy of the bill, listed as “Georgia Treason Act,” is in the Mss. Div., LC.

30. Act approved July 1, 1780, RRG, I, 348-363; Wright to Germain, Jan. 26, 1781, Collections, GHS, III, 333.

31. RRG, I, 364-372.

32. Wright to Germain, Aug. 17, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 384-400; CRG, XII, 475-488; Richard Howly to Nathanael Greene, May 20, 1782, Revolutionary Collection, Duke U.; N. Greene to Howley, June 8, 1782, Greene Papers, Duke U.

33. Germain to Wright, Nov. 9, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 406; council minutes, Sept. 20, 1780, Collections, GHS, X, 127-128.

34. Collections, GHS, X, 112-115; council minutes, Nov. 13, 1780. “Revolution-British (Wright)” folder, Telamon Cuyler Collection, U. of Ga.

35. Collections, GHS, X, 107, 119, 127-128; petitions of Joseph Gibbons, July 2, 1780, and James Alexander, July 11, 1781, in “Revolution-British (Wright)” folder, Telamon Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

36. Levi Sheftal, John Sutcliffe, William Stephens, Andrew More, John Martin, and James Gordon.

37. On this see above pp. 137-38.

38. Wright to Germain, Dec. 21, 1780, Jan. 18, 1782, Collections, GHS, III, 329, 362.

39. Germain to Wright, Jan. 19, 1780, April 4, June 4, 1781, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part II, 247-252, 467, 492-493.

40. A good picture of Georgia 1779-1782 and Wright’s objections to leaving are given in his “concise view of the situation of affairs there [Georgia] for three years past,” Sept. 3, 1782, Jones, History of Georgia, II, 523-527.

41. RRG, II, 129.

42. William Glascock to Congress, July 10, 1779, PCC, No. 73, pp. 240-244.

43. RRG, II, 129-130, 135-136.

44. Ibid., 140; Glascock to Congress, July 10, 1779, PCC, No. 73, 240-244.

45. Account of a meeting of Georgians at Black Swamp, South Carolina, April 9-10, 1779, Gazette of the State of S. C., April 28, 1779.

46. RRG, II, 141-144; supreme executive council to Lincoln, Aug. 18, 1778, ibid., 155.

47. See statements from Richmond, Wilkes, and Burke counties, ibid., 146, 154, 170.

48. Aug. 6, 1779, ibid., 147-148.

49. Ibid., 144-152, 165-166, 176-179; Wilkes County Court records, 1779, Duke U.

50. Lincoln and Clay to John Wereat, Nov. 2, 1779, Collections, GHS, VIII, 160-161.

51. Proclamation in Jones, History of Georgia, II, 428.

52. Collections, NYHS, 1879, p. 307.

53. Gazette of the State of S. C., Dec. 8, 1779; Walton to Congress, Nov. 29, 1779, PCC, No. 73, p. 246; Glascock to Congress, Nov. 29, 1779, ibid., 254; RRG, II, 182-183; Lachlan McIntosh to Benjamin Lincoln, Dec. 11, 1779, Lachlan McIntosh Papers, Duke U.

54. Glascock to Congress, Nov. 20, 1779, PCC, No. 73, p. 254; Samuel Huntington to McIntosh, Feb. 15, 1780, ibid., No. 162, II, pp. 313-314; James Lovell to Samuel Adams, Feb. 16, 1780, Burnett, Letters, V, 39; RRG, II, 189.

55. Glascock to Congress, May 12, 1780, PCC, No. 73, pp. 266-268.

56. Walton to Congress, Sept. 7, 1780, ibid., 270-272; report of committee and action of Congress, Sept. 25, 1780, JCC, XVIII, 861.

57. July 16, 1781, JCC, XX, 752-753.

58. Assembly action of Feb. 1, 1783, PCC, No. 162, II, pp. 326-327; imperfect copy in RRG, III, 248.

59. Most of the documents are in PCC, No. 162, II, 313-327. A recent and complete account is Alexander A. Lawrence, “General Lachlan McIntosh and His Suspension from the Continental Command during the Revolution,” GHQ, XXXVIII, 124-141.

60. RRG, II, 196-202; Jones, History of Georgia, II, 433.

61. Howley to Clay, Feb. 1, 1780, RRG, II, 207-208.

62. Act approved, Jan. 23, 1780, CRG, XIX, Part II, 130-140; on the land office see RRG, II, 226, 237-238.

63. RRG, II, 208-209, 212-214, 231.

64. Proclamation of Feb. 2, 1780, ibid., 210-211; see also ibid., 220.

65. Ibid., 213-214, 247; John Armstrong to John Davis, Burnett, Letters, V, 250.

66. Henry Lee to Greene, June 4, 1781, Revolutionary Collection, Duke U.; Greene to Elijah Clarke, June 12, 1781, Greene Papers, Duke U.; Greene to John Wilkinson, June 13, 1781, ibid.; Greene to Georgia delegates, June 22, 1781, ibid.; Joseph Clay to ----------, Aug. 9, 1787, Collections, GHS, VIII, 217.

67. Greene to Georgia delegates, July 18, Aug. 25, 1781, Greene Papers, Duke U.; Greene to Clarke, Twiggs, and Few, July 24, 1781, ibid.

68. RRG, III, 7-8, 11-13, 15-17, 22-23.

69. Ibid., 18-25, 28; Royal Georgia Gazette, Aug. 30, 1781.

70. CRG, XIX, Part II, 142-144; Royal Georgia Gazette, Aug. 30, 1781; RRG, III, 12-13, 17; II, 255-256, and passim for Aug. and Sept., 1781.

71. RRG, III, 11. Proclamation in Gentleman’s Magazine, 1781, p. 585.

72. Journal of session in RRG, III, 7-30.

73. Ibid., II, 254, 268, 270-271, 277, 279-280, 283, 289, 291, 292.

74. Royal Georgia Gazette, Sept. 20, 1781; March 14, 1782; Brownson to Greene, Dec. 15, 1781, Revolutionary Collection, Duke U.

75. RRG, II, 254, 263, 264, 267, 273, 281, 285-286, 292.

76. Ibid., 283; III, 31-33.

77. RRG, III, 34-35, 40.

78. Ibid., 50, 77.

79. Ibid., 44-46, 58.

80. Ibid., 59-60; CRG, XIX, Part II, 147-151.

81. RRG, II, 315, 327, 337; III, 55.

82. Ibid., III, 79-81.

83. Ibid., 75, 79-80.

84. Journal of this session is in ibid., 31-81.

85. Negotiations of March 12, through May 10, 1782, ibid., 322, 325, 333.

86. Jan. 21, 1782, RRG, II, 308.

87. On confiscation and banishment see below pp._______. The journal of this session is in RRG, III, 82-118.

88. Ibid., 118-122.

89. Ibid., 122; II, 340.

90. See Appendix C below, for Congressional attendance.

91. For Walton’s activities in Congress see JCC, XIX-XXI, Jan.-Oct., 1781.

92. Diary of Thomas Rodney, March 10, 1781, Burnett, Letters, VI, 21.

93. George Measam to General Gates, Sept. 21, 1780, NCSR, XIV, 634-635.

94. JCC, XIV, 598-599, 990-991; XVI, 156.

95. On Georgia’s lack of payments see Burnett, Letters, IV, 46; V, 54; VI, 260-261, 271-272.

96. JCC, XIX, 112-113; RRG, III, 79.

97. JCC, XIII, 239-244, 340; Burnett, Letters, IV, 419-420.

98. JCC, XVIII, 901-902, 1070-1071.

99. James Lovell to Samuel Adams, March 17, 1780, Burnett, Letters, V, 78-80.

100. Reprinted in White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 106-110.

CHAPTER X

1. On the adoption of the association see above pp. 45-50, 58, 61-62.

2. Robert Mackay to Mary Mackay, Sept. 25, 1775, Mackay-Stiles Papers, Vol. 44, Sou. Hist. Coll., U. of N. C.; James Cuningham to Earl of Huntington, Feb. 9, 1776, HMC, Twentieth Report, III, 170; S. C. Hist. and Genealogical Magazine, V, 191; RRG, I, 89; papers of Capt. John Alexander, PRO, CO 5: 148, p. 69; Martin Jollie to Gov. Tonyn, Feb. 13, 1776, Henry Clinton Papers, CL.

3. RRG, I, 89, 108, 111-112; American Archives, 4 Series, V, 571-573, 585; bond of Aaron Milhado and Levi Sheftall, May 29, 1776, Sheftall Papers, Duke U.

4. RRG, I, 216-217; II, 26-27, 79-80, 121; American Archives, 5 Series, III, 1532-1533.

5. Joseph Clay to Bright and Pechin, Nov. 21, Dec. 7, 17, 18, 1776, Collections, GHS, VIII, 13-17, and Ms. Clay Letter Book, GHS.

6. Clay to Bright and Pechin, March 19, April 8, Sept. 29, Dec. 16, 1777, June 2, Sept. 2, 3, 1778, Collections, GHS, VIII, 22, 24-25, 39, 61-62, 79, 101-102.

7. Clay to Bright and Pechin, March 19, 1777, ibid., 22; RRG, I, 307, 312, 316, 319-320.

8. RRG, I, 178-179; II, 12-14; CRG, XIX, Part II, 72-80; Howe to Congress, Sept. 12, 1777, and to Governor of Georgia, Jan. 29, 1778, PCC, No. 160, pp. 397-398, 418-424.

9. Lewis C Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860 (2 vols., Washington, 1935), II, 1021-1023; Collections, GHS, X, 79.

10. See Joseph Clay letters of May 15, June 14, Sept. 29, 1777, Feb. 3, March 12, June 2, Sept. 24, 1778, Collections, GHS, VIII, 30, 33-34, 41, 68, 80; and Ms. Joseph Clay Letter Book, GHS; Major Romaine de Lisle to Henry Laurens, Sept. 9, 1778, PCC, No. 78, XIX, 261; Samuel Elbert to Henry Laurens, PCC, No. 78, VIII, 291-292.

11. RRG, II, 238, 263.

12. Royal Georgia Gazette, March 22, 1781.

13. RRG, II, 196; Burnett, Letters, V, 54-55; Continental supplies furnished to Georgia militia, April 4, 1781, Greene Papers, CL; JCC, XX, 496-497; XXII, 190.

14. Greene to Alexander Martin, Nov. 11, 1781, Greene Papers, CL; Greene-Wayne correspondence, Jan.-July, 1782, ibid.

15. RRG, II, 264.

16. Proclamations dated Jan. 15, and Feb. 2, 1779, in Henry Clinton Papers, CL; Royal Georgia Gazette, March 3, 1779. See also HMC, Royal Institution, I, 398.

17. Clinton to Germain, March 30, 1779, Henry Clinton Papers, CL; N. J. Archives, 2 Series, III, 536; Treasury action March 16, 1780, PRO, T 28/2, p. 54; Germain to Wright, Sept. 6, 1780, Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 107.

18. Undated petition of Georgia loyalists to Wright, Loyalists Mss., GHS.

19. Royal Georgia Gazette, Feb. and March, Nov. 25, 1779, June 7, Nov. 15, 1781; CRG, XII, 457-458.

20. Royal Georgia Gazette, Nov. 25, 1779; December 13, 1781.

21. Ibid., 1779-1781.

22. On the treatment of refugees see NCSR, XXXIV, 351, 372; Wm. W. Hening, Statutes at Large: A Collection of the Laws of Virginia, X, 307-308; Calendar of Virginia State Papers, III, 241; Archives of Maryland, XLV, 311; XLVII, 258.

23. JCC, XX, 748-749; XXI, 782-783, 852; N. J. Archives, 2nd Series, V, 286; Mass. Hist. Soc., Proceedings, 2 Series, IX, 105, 169-172.

24. RRG, II, 318.

25. Ibid., 280-290, 310-311, 315, 322, 323, 325, 333, 339, 344; III, 93-95, 97, 102, 111; Joseph Clay to John Banks, Jan. 6, 1782, Ms. Clay Letter Book, GHS, 240; John Martin to General Wayne, Jan. 19, 1782, Greene Papers, CL; report of food issued Jan. 7-13, 1782, “Military 1777-1792” folder, Telamon Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

26. RRG, I, 319-320; II, 4-6, 14, 17-18, 60, 80, 219, 227, 281, 336, 398.

27. Wright to Germain, April 6, 1780, Collections, GHS, III, 284; return of refugees in Georgia, April 15, 1780, Henry Clinton Papers, CL; Clinton to John Graham, March 15, 1781, HMC, Royal Institution, II, 252.

28. Wright to Germain, June 14, Sept. 7, 1781, Ms. CRG, XXXVIII, Part I, 542-543, 546; petition of loyalist refugees, 1781-1782, “Revolution-British” folder, Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.; Royal Georgia Gazette, Feb. 11, 1779; Dec. 20, 27, 1781; Jan. 3, 1782.

29. See above pp. ______. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 148.

30. Ibid., 149, 158; Joseph Clay to Lady Huntington and William Piercy, Feb. 16, 1784, Collections, GHS, VIII, 196-201.

31. Seymour to Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, April 26, 1781; Feb. 14, March 14, 1782; Feb. 14, 1784; SPG transcripts, Mss. Div., LC, film pages 41-50; Ga., 50-52; Fla., 302-305.

32. Lt. Gov. Gambier, Bahamas, to SPG, June 15, 1778, SPG, Series B, VI, No. 52, LC; William O’Bryen to Brown, Oct. 21, 1777, ibid.; Brown to SPG, April 15, 1780, Dec. 29, 1781, SPG, Ga., 31-41, 42-45; CRG, XV, 604-605; Collections, GHS, X, 111; Germain to Wright, May 2, 1781, Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 110.

33. See above pp. --------.

34. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 144-145; Royal Georgia Gazette, July 26, Dec. 20, 1781.

35. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 147.

36. White, Hist. Coll. of Ga., 532-533; RRG, III, 550.

37. Strickland, Religion and the State in Ga., 118-119, 152-153.

38. Ibid., 156. See Strickland, 139-164, for a treatment of religion in Georgia during the Revolution.

39. Royal Georgia Gazette, Jan. 11, Feb. 22, 1781.

40. Royal Georgia Gazette, March 15, Sept. 20, Oct. 4, 11, 18, Nov. 29, Dec. 6, 1781; June 6, 1782; S. C. and Am. Gen. Gazette, Dec. 23, 1780.

CHAPTER XI

1. RRG, III, 122; ibid., II, 340, 342.

2. Ibid., III, 123-124, 132; ibid., II, 345-353.

3. Ibid., III, 122-124, 187.

4. Ibid., 157-159.

5. Ibid., 118-188; CRG, XIX, Part II, 167-174, 152-162, 162-166.

6. Assembly action July 28-31, 1782, RRG, III, 159, 161-162, 167.

7. Council minutes, Feb. 6 and 15, 1783, RRG, II, 439-440, 451.

8. See continual complaints about lack of provisions in Revolutionary and Nathanael Greene Papers, Duke U., July, 1782-June, 1783, especially Greene to Lyman Hall, Jan. 20, 1783, and Samuel Finley to Greene, April 15, 1783; action of governor and assembly is in RRG, II, 435, 447.

9. Greene to Lyman Hall and to John Habersham, June 26, 1783, Greene Papers, Duke U.; Wayne to Hall, June 29, 1783, Force Transcripts, “Ga. Indians, Misc. Corr., 1782,” No. 27, Mss. Div., LC.

10. Patrick Carr to Gov. Martin, Aug. 11 and 22, 1782, Force Transcripts, “Ga. Indians, Misc. Corr., 1782,” No. 13 and 13a, Mss. Div., LC.

11. RRG, II, 356, 384-386, 397; Tonyn to Gov. Martin, Aug. 28, 1782, Force Transcripts, “Ga. Council Corr.,” 6-8, Mss. Div., LC; Ga. deputies to Martin, Dec. 5, 1782, ibid., 8-9.

12. Proclamation of Tonyn, Oct. 11, 1782, HMC, Royal Institution, III, 164; petition of people of St. Marys to Tonyn, Sept. 20, 1782, “E. Fla. Papers,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.; Tonyn to Hall, March 20, 1783, “Letters,” ibid.; Wm. Brown to Tonyn, Feb. 6, 1783, ibid.

13. RRG, II, passim (fall, 1782-spring, 1783); ibid., 420-423; JCC, XXVIII, 560; John Rutledge to Greene, Sept. 18, 1782, Burnett, Letters, VI, 480-481; Greene to Hall, March 15, 1783, Greene Papers, Duke U.

14. RRG, II, 388-89, 443, 468-483; Gov. Tonyn to Gov. Hall, March 20, 1783, “Letters,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

15. Hall to Tonyn, April 21, 1783, Gazette of the State of Georgia, May 8, 1785; ibid., March 11, 1784; RRG, II, 608-609.

16. RRG, II, 625, 630-633.

17. CRG, XIX, Part II, 146, 147-151.

18. RRG, I, 373-397; III, 115.

19. Gov. John Martin to Wayne, Jan. 19, 1782, Greene Papers, CL; Wayne to Martin, March 15, 1782, Force Transcripts, “Ga. Indians,” No. 12, Mss. Div., LC; Wayne to Martin, March 26, 1782, ibid., No. 47.

20. RRG, III, 137-138, 145, 176.

21. Ibid., 173-175, 177-179; CRG, XIX, Part II, 152-162.

22. Return of refugees from Georgia in East Florida received from General Leslie, July 18, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 560, pp. 805-810; return of people embarked from S. C. and Ga., Charleston, Dec. 13, 1782, Winslow Papers, Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 2 Series, III, 95; Carleton to Shelburne, Aug. 15, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 106, pp. 329-335.

23. Georgia loyalists in the Bahamas have been located through Wilbur Henry Siebert, Loyalists in East Florida 1774 to 1782 (Deland, Fla., 1929, 2 vols.) and through the courtesy of the late Mrs. Maxfield Parrish, Windsor, Vermont, and St. Simons Island, Georgia, who was engaged in research on loyalists in the Bahamas.

24. RRG, II, 348, 361-363.

25. See Gazette of the State of Georgia throughout the fall of 1783.

26. Ms. GDAH.

27. Gazette of the State of Georgia, June 30, 1785; RRG, I, 413-601, gives accounts of sales, apparently incomplete.

28. See act of July 29, 1782, CRG, XIX, Part II, 216-236.

29. RRG, III, 339. Seth John Cuthbert to Samuel Elbert, July 9, 1785, “Letters,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.; Georgia State Gazette, July 21, 28, Aug. 4, 11, 1787.

30. Act of Feb. 13, 1786, Acts of the General Assembly, 1786.

31. Militia act, Aug. 20, 1781, Watkins, Digest, 238; resolve of Aug. 19, 1781, Force Transcripts, “Ga. Indians,” No. 42, Mss. Div., LC; Stevens, History of Georgia, II, 358. Full workings of the land bounty system are given in Alex M. Hitz, “Georgia Bounty Land Grants,” GHQ, XXXVIII, 337-348.

32. RRG, II, 587; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, p. 257 (Feb. 16, 1785).

33. RRG, II, 580-581, 594; III, 155, 160-161, 561; I, 602-607. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 499-500; ibid., 1787-88, p. 403.

34. RRG, III, 108-109, 115, 171, 228; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 514-516; Wayne to Greene, June 15, 1782, Greene Papers, CL.

35. RRG, III, 107-109.

36. Ibid., 21, 116, 165-166, 438-439; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 264-265; RRG, II, 639-640; CRG, XIX, Part II, 449-450.

37. RRG, III, 524-525, 543, 545, 550-551; II, 724; JCC, XXI, 978-979; Burnett, Letters, VI, 225.

38. Act of Jan. 10, 1782, “Council, Governor, Secretary of State folder,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.; resolution of Aug. 1, 1783, RRG, III, 413.

39. Act of Feb. 13, 1786, CRG, XIX, Part II, 518-522.

40. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 150-151, 267; Ms. Council Minutes, June 13, 1785, p. 121; act of Aug. 14, 1786, Marbury and Crawford, Digest, 203-204.

CHAPTER XII

1. See table of assembly sessions in Appendix B below.

2. RRG, III, 204-206.

3. Ibid., 276.

4. Ibid., 224.

5. Ibid., II, 509-514.

6. CRG, XIX, Part II, 243-248, 290-292.

7. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1785, passim.

8. Ibid., 1784-1786, pp. 135-136, 283, 284. Rules for other assemblies are in their journals early in the session.

9. RRG, II, 596-597.

10. Ibid., III, 300-302; CRG, XIX, Part II, 312-340.

11. Ms. Assembly Journal and Ms. Council Minutes, Jan. 7-25, 1788; Thomas U. P. Charlton, The Life of Major General James Jackson (Augusta, 1809), reprint (n.p., n.d. [Atlanta, 1896]), 53-56. In 1798 Jackson was elected governor, accepted, and served.

12. Act of March 1, 1778, contemporary copy, DeRenne Coll., U. of Ga.; later acts, CRG, XIX, Part II, 450-452, 547-551.

13. CRG, XIX, Part II, 288-290.

14. Presentments, Gazette of the State of Georgia, March 13, Oct. 16, 1783; council action, RRG, II, 471-472, 513.

15. W. Stephens to Seaborn Jones, Jan. 12, 1787, C. C. Jones Papers, Duke U.

16. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Dec. 2, 1784; Georgia State Gazette, Oct. 20, 1787; S. C. State Gazette and General Advertiser, March 6, Nov. 9, 1784; Charleston City Gazette, Nov. 7, 1787, Dec. 12, 1788.

17. CRG, XIX, Part II, 284-287, 452-454.

18. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 493-494; GHQ, II, 198-224. Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 27, 1786.

19. RRG, III, 529; CRG, XIX, Part II, 455-457; act of Feb. 8, 1787, to explain Article XLIX of the constitution, Ms. GDAH.

20. RRG, II, 730; the law in question is in CRG, Part II, 288-290.

21. Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 27, 1786.

22. Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, 1786, p. 4.

23. RRG, II, 527-529; act of Feb. 13, 1786, Ms. GDAH; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-1786, pp. 227-228.

24. Ms. Executive Council Minutes, 1789, p. 106.

25. RRG, III, 411-412; Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, 1786, p. 4.

26. CRG, XIX, Part II, 471-474, 534-540; acts of Feb. 13, 1786, and Jan. 22, 1787, Ms. GDAH.

27. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Nov. 17, 1785.

28. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1789, pp. 141-142.

29. Georgia State Gazette, Nov. 11, 1786, and June 2, 1787.

30. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 374-376.

31. CRG, XIX, Part II, 550-551.

32. RRG, III, 326; CRG, XIX, Part II, 419-433; Gazette of the State of Georgia, May 5, 1785.

33. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 520-521.

34. CRG, XIX, Part II, 563-568.

35. Ibid., 533.

36. Ibid., 560-561.

37. Index to Georgia Laws, p. 88, GDAH.

38. CRG, XIX, Part II, 466-468; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 285, 289, 292-293, 297, 301, 305-306; Ms. Council Minutes, 1789, pp. 93-94.

39. William Harden, “A Neglected Period of Georgia History,” GHQ, II, 198-224; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 410-411; Isaac Biggs to Joseph Thomas, undated, GHQ XII, 178-179.

40. RRG, II, 519-605; III, 334-335, 563; Gazette of the State of Georgia, June 10, 1784; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, p. 212.

41. CRG, XIX, Part II, 162-166.

42. Ibid., 562-563; Acts of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Jan.-Feb., 1788, pp. 15-16.

43. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Feb. 13, 1783.

44. Petition of Ralph and Jacob De-Pass, “Petitions, 1784,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 233, 239; CRG, XIX, Part II, 379.

45. CRG, XIX, Part II, 375-378.

46. Ibid., 449-450; Watkins, Digest, 340, 379.

47. RRG, II, 511-512; CRG, XIX, Part II, 237-242, 263-279.

48. Ms. Index of Georgia Laws, 67, GDAH.

49. CRG, XIX, Part II, 216-225.

50. Ibid., 183-200.

51. Ibid., 442-443.

52. Seth J. Cuthbert, to Speaker of the Assembly (?), Jan. 5, 1786, “Letters, 1786,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

53. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 350-351.

54. Ibid., 405-408.

55. Ibid., 441-447; Acts of the General Assembly, August, 1786, pp. 5-7.

56. Ms. “State of Public Accounts of Georgia,” GHS; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1787-88, pp. 162, 189; Mathews to Wm. Few and Wm. Pierce, March 23, 1787, Ms. Governor’s Letter Book, 1787-89, p. 36; Ms. Council Minutes, 1786-88, pp. 216, 229-231.

57. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1787-88, pp. 275-277, 312-313, 349-350, 428.

58. Salaries as voted by the assembly are in RRG, III, 244, 440; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 159-160, 254, 325; 1787-88, pp. 51, 91, 178-189, 355-357; 1789, 57-59.

59. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1789, 57-59.

60. RRG, III, 483; II, 657; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 375, 529.

61. CRG, XIX, Part II, 263-279; RRG, II, 526-527; III, 354-355.

62. CRG, XIX, Part II, 398-416.

63. Acts of the General Assembly, 1787, pp. 1-8; Georgia State Gazette, March 15, 1788.

64. Treasurer John Meals to Governor George Handley, March 14, 1788, “Letters, 1788,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

65. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1787-88, pp. 47-48; 1789, pp. 162-172.

66. Ms. copy of act of Oct. 31, 1787, GDAH; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1789, pp. 84-85, 91-92, 105; Ms. Council Minutes, 1789, pp. 191-192; Georgia State Gazette, Feb. 21 and March 14, 1789.

67. CRG, XIX, Part I, 406-414, 439-449; Part II, 145, 237-242; Joseph Clay to John Wright Standley, Jan. 24, 1783, Collections, GHS, VIII, 168.

68. CRG, XIX, Part II, 244; RRG, II, 549.

69. RRG, III, 501, 573-574; Ms. Index of Ga. Laws, 67, GDAH; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, p. 244.

70. Feb. 13, 1786, CRG, XIX, Part II, 498-515; Feb. 10, 1787, Ms. GDAH; Feb. 3, 1789, Georgia State Gazette, Feb. 14, 1789.

71. Seth J. Cuthbert to Speaker of the Assembly, Jan. 5, 1786, “Letters, 1786,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

72. Ibid.; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1789, pp. 48-49.

CHAPTER XIII

1. Joseph Clay to various correspondents, Jan. 24, Feb. 5, April 23, 1782, Collections, GHS, VIII, 167, 175, 190-191; J. Anthony to James Clark, Sept. 23, 1782, Clarke Papers, Duke U.

2. Thomas Burke to Gov. Thomas Burke, Sept. 20, 1782, NCSR, XVI, 656.

3. Clay to Joachim N. Fanning, April 23, 1783; Collections, GHS, VIII, 190; Clay to ----------, Feb. 23, 1783, ibid., 177-181; Clay to Messrs. Graham and Clark, April 27, 1783, Ms. Clay Letter Book, GHS, 236.

4. Executive action, May 13, 1783, RRG, II, 501-502.

5. Clay to various correspondents, Jan.-May, 1783, Collections, GHS, VIII, 167-168, 186-188, 191-193; Ms. Clay Letter Book, GHS, 254, 269-270; RRG, II, 389-390, 401-402, 464-465, 498-499; Edward Telfair Papers for Oct.-Dec., 1783, Duke U.

6. Clay to Joachim N. Fanning, April 3, 1784, Collections, GHS, VIII, 207-208.

7. JCC, XXV, 544; XXVI, 79; XXVIII, 285-345; XXIX, 532-533; Gazette of the State of Georgia, Nov. 10, 1785; Georgia State Gazette, June 2, 1787; April 5, 1788; Ms. Council Minutes, 1788-89, pp. 150-151.

8. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Feb. 12, 1784; June 23, 1785.

9. See ship arrivals and departures in Georgia newspapers.

10. See protest of Aug. 25, 1785, in Gazette of the State of Georgia, Sept. 1, 1785; James Habersham to “My Dear Brother,” Sept. 19, 1785, John & Joseph Habersham Papers, Duke U.

11. Ms. Council Minutes, 1785, pp. 85B-86B; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, p. 362; 1787-88, pp. 178-179.

12. Georgia State Gazette for the period concerned.

13. Joseph Clay to James Seagrove, April 22, 1783, Ms. Clay Letter Book, GHS, 282; council minutes, May 5, 1783, RRG, II, 497; Gazette of the State of Georgia, July 22, 1784; Jan. 20, 1785.

14. Eben Prescott in Georgia State Gazette, Sept. 8, 1787.

15. Memo, between Coxe & Frazier of Philadelphia on behalf of Clay, Telfair & Co. of Savannah and Jeremiah Fox of Philadelphia, tobacco and snuff maker, Sept. 9, 1785, Edward Telfair Papers, Duke U.

16. Georgia State Gazette, June 7, 1788.

17. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 376-377; 1787-88, pp. 59-60; Ms. Council Minutes, 1786-88, pp. 137-138.

18. Law passed Feb. 21, 1785, CRG, XIX, Part II, 417-418.

19. Acts of the General Assembly, Aug., 1786, pp. 5-7; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1787-88, pp. 73, 79.

20. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Sept. 21, Oct. 12, 1786, et passim; Georgia State Gazette, Dec. 9, 1786.

21. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1787-88, p. 56.

22. Georgia State Gazette, Jan.-March, 1787, passim; Wm. Spotswood to Rev. Jeremy Belknap, Oct. 9, 1788, Mass. Hist. Collections, 6 Series, IV, 421; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1789, pp. 73-74, 93, 109-110; Augusta Chronicle, April 18, 1789.

23. For a general treatment of Southern agricultural conditions and changes in the 1780s see Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern U. S., II, Chapter XXVI.

24. James Armstrong to Thomas Burke, Aug. 25, 1782, NCSR, XVI, 646; Joseph Clay to various correspondents, 1783-1785, Collections, GHS, VIII, 175, 194-195; March 22, 1787, Ms. Clay Letter Book, GHS; Clay to ---------, Dec. 6, 1785, Ed. Telfair Papers, Duke U.; James Belcher to John Scott, April 10, 1787, Page Papers, U. of N. C.

25. Clay to John Wolcock, April 22, 1784, Collections, GHS, VIII, 211.

26. RRG, III, 394-397; CRG, XIX, Part II, 380-394; Eliza A. Bowen, The Story of Wilkes County, Georgia (Marietta, Georgia, 1950), 86-87.

27. Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 20, 1786; Georgia State Gazette, Jan. 20, 1786, April 5 and May 10, 1788; Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern U. S., II, 610-611; GHQ, I, 41; Savannah custom records, 1789, Record Group I. G. 36, National Archives.

28. Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern U. S., II, 673-681; “The Beginning of Cotton Cultivation in Georgia,” GHQ, I, 39-45; Charleston, City Gazette, April 12, 1788.

29. Charleston, City Gazette, Dec. 24, 1788.

30. Georgia State Gazette, Nov. 22, 1788.

31. RRG, II, 480. On cattle raising see John H. Goff, “Cow Punching in Old Georgia,” Georgia Review, III, 341-348.

32. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Sept. 29, 1785.

33. For Oct., 1782, sale of coastal lands, see Ms. CRG, XXXIX, 289-290. Joseph Clay to John W. Stanley, Jan. 24, 1783, Collections, GHS, VIII, 169; Clay to J. T. Sterling, April 24, 1790, ibid., 223-224.

34. RRG, II, 496-497, 549-551, 567, et passim.

35. CRG, XIX, Part II, 201-215, 280-284; RRG, II, 450-453; Joseph Clay to John W. Stanley, Jan. 24, 1783, Collections, GHS, VIII, 167.

36. RRG, II, 525-526.

37. CRG, XIX, Part II, 434-441.

38. Ibid., 292-304.

39. RRG, II, 789-799; John Habersham to -------, April 10, 1784, Ms. John Habersham Papers, GHS; Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 15, 1784.

40. David Rees to John Houstoun, June 2, 1784, John Houstoun Papers, GHS; Stevens, History of Georgia, II, 355-358, prints part of this letter.

41. RRG, II, 696-730.

42. See council minutes, RRG, II, and ms. in GDAH.

43. On the bounty system and speculation see Alex M. Hitz, “Georgia Bounty Land Grants,” GHQ, XXX-VIII, 337-348, George Ogg Papers, Duke U.; Minis Collection, U. of N. C.

44. On the activities of Carr and Call see Ms. Carr Collection, U. of Ga.; Gazette of the State of Georgia, Aug. 2, 1785.

45. John Wereat to McIntosh, July 30, 1784, “Ga. Indians,” Force Transcripts, Mss. Div., LC; McIntosh to the executive, Sept. 1, 1784, Lachlan McIntosh Papers, Duke U.

46. Gazette of the State of Georgia, March 8, 1784; June 24, 1786; CRG, Part II, 516-517; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1787-88, p. 123. For a fuller treatment of the effect of land hunger on Indian relations see Chapter XV below.

47. See for example Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 217-220, et passim.

48. Ms. Council Minutes, 1788-89, pp. 204-205.

49. Ibid., 1789, p. 121.

CHAPTER XIV

1. RRG, III, 141, 155-156.

2. Ibid., II, 467-468; Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 24 and May 1, 1783.

3. Ibid., April 22 and May 20, 1784.

4. RRG, II, 512; III, 381, 389, 404, 456; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 9, 11, 19, 53-54; CRG, XIX, Part II, 248-256.

5. CRG, XIX, Part II, 395-398.

6. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Jan. 26, 1786; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 291, 298-299.

7. CRG, XIX, Part II, 458; Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia, 123.

8. RRG, III, 460; Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 1 and Nov. 11, 1784; Feb. 2 and July 20, 1786; Georgia State Gazette, June 7, 1788; Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia, 167-170.

9. P. A. Strobel, The Salzburgers (Baltimore, 1855), 211-226. Bernhardt’s removal is noted in NCCR, VIII, 765.

10. H. B. Folsom, “Midway Congregational Church,” 13-15, Thomas Gamble Scrap Book, Midway Church & Sunbury, 115-117, Savannah Public Library.

11. Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia, 162-173; Bowen, The Story of Wilkes County, 118-121; George G. Smith, The History of Georgia Methodism from 1786 to 1866 (Atlanta, 1913), Chapter III; Francis Asbury, Journal (3 vols., New York, 1821), II, 29-30, 44-45, 67.

12. Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia, 162; Bowen, Story of Wilkes County, 109-111; J. H. Campbell, Georgia Baptists: Historical and Biographical (Second edition, Macon, Ga., 1874), 55-59.

13. Bowen, Story of Wilkes County, 146-149; James Stacy, A History of the Presbyterian Church in Georgia (n.p., n.d.), 8-9.

14. White, Statistics of Georgia, 101-102. The best treatment of religion in Georgia in the 1780s is Strickland, Religion and the State in Georgia, 161-182.

15. RRG, II, 512-513.

16. Ibid., III, 324; CRG, XIX, Part II, 248-256.

17. CRG, XIX, Part II, 369-370; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 397-399.

18. Gazette of the State of Georgia, April 7 and Aug. 11, 1785, CRG, XIX, Part II, 560-561.

19. Georgia State Gazette, Oct. 28, 1786; Aug. 9, Sept. 6, 13, and 20, 1788; Jan. 17, 1789.

20. Ibid., Nov. 25, 1786; Aug. 4, 1787; March 8, 1788; Bowen Story of Wilkes County, 58-63, 167-169; Ms. Minutes of Board of Commissioners of Academy at Washington, Georgia, 1784-1789, Duke U.

21. Gazette of the State of Georgia, March 27 and Nov. 27, 1783; Feb. 26, 1784; April 14 and Sept. 8, 1785; Feb. 2 and Aug. 17, 1786.

22. Ms. law, GDAH.

23. Georgia State Gazette, June 7, 1788; Minutes of the Union Society; Being an Abstract of Existing Records from 1750 to 1858 (Savannah, 1860), “Bethesda,” 14.

24. Watkins, Digest, 380-381.

25. RRG, II, 512-513; III, 389.

26. Ibid., III, 557, 563-564; II, 607-610; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, p. 266; CRG, XIX, Part II, 300-301.

27. GHQ, X, 326-334.

28. The charter, dated Jan. 27, 1785, is in CRG, XIX, Part II, 363-371; Watkins, Digest; and other compilations of Georgia laws.

29. Ezra Stiles, The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles (3 vols., New York, 1901), III, 118-127, 165-166.

30. On Johnston and his newspaper see Douglas C. McMurtrie, “Pioneer Printing in Georgia,” GHQ, XVI, 103-106; Louis Turner Griffith and John Erwin Talmadge, Georgia Journalism, 1763-1950 (Athens, 1951), 8-10; Alexander A. Lawrence, James Johnston, Georgia’s First Printer (Savannah, 1956).

31. Georgia State Gazette, Nov. 8, 1788.

32. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Oct. 21, 1784.

33. Ibid., Aug. 11, 1785.

34. Ibid., Feb. 23 and June 8, 1786.

35. McMurtrie, “Pioneer Printing in Georgia,” GHQ, XVI, 106-108; Griffith and Talmadge, Georgia Journalism, 10-13.

36. Georgia State Gazette, Oct. 14, 1786; Augusta Chronicle, May 23 and 30, 1789.

37. On relief activities for the last half of 1782 and the first few months in 1783, see RRG, II, III passim. Especially II, 344, 353, 356, 363, 372-3, 376, 389, 438, 440.

38. Minutes of council, Feb. 24, 1785, “Gov., Council, Sec. of State, etc.,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga. No copy of the 1782 act has been found. CRG, XIX, Part II, 547-551 for the 1786 act.

39. Minutes of the Union Society, 23, and appendices following p. 206; Watkins, Digest, 344.

40. Ms. Council Minutes, 1785, p. 124; proclamation of Telfair, April 1, 1786, Edward Telfair, Misc. file, GDAH.

41. RRG, III, 534; Ms. Assembly Journal for annual election of surgeon.

42. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Sept. 14, 1786.

43. Ibid., passim.

44. Ms. Council Minutes, 1785, pp. 81-82, 110.

45. Ibid., 195, 201; Gazette of the State of Georgia, passim.

46. Ms. Council Minutes, 1785, p. 214; Gazette of the State of Georgia, Dec. 22, 1785-June 1, 1786, passim.

47. Gazette of the State of Georgia, June 10, 1784, et passim; City Gazette (Charleston), July 17, 1788.

48. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Nov. 17, 1785.

49. Ibid., Feb. 10 and Sept. 29, 1785.

50. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Georgia State Gazette, passim.

51. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Dec. 17, 1783.

52. S. C. Gazette and Public Advertiser (Charleston), Aug. 30, 1785.

53. Georgia State Gazette, Oct. 21, Dec. 16, 1786.

54. Augusta Chronicle, May 9, 1789.

55. Georgia State Gazette, Nov. 25, 1786; Sept. 27, 1788.

56. Ibid., Jan. 13, 1787; Dec. 15, 1787; Dec. 20, 1788.

57. Ibid., and Gazette of the State of Georgia, 1786-1789, passim.

58. Francis Apthorp Foster, Materials Relating to the History of the Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Georgia from 1783 to its Dissolution (1934); Georgia State Gazette, April 28, 1787; rules of the Georgia Society, Georgia Indians, Misc. “Correspondence, 1782,” No. 20, Force Transcripts, Mss. Div., LC.

59. Gazette of the State of Georgia, July 10, 1783.

60. Ibid., July 7, 1785. Accounts of July 4 celebrations for 1783 through 1789 have been found in Savannah, Augusta, and Charleston newspapers.

61. Ibid., Feb. 16, 1786.

CHAPTER XV

1. Stevens, History of Georgia, II, 410-414.

2. RRG, III, 207, 231; II, 423; CRG, XXXIX, 500-502. For talks delivered at the treaty see “Indian Treaty Book, 1773-1796,” GDAH.

3. Brown to Shelburne, Sept. 25, 1782, PRO, CO 5: 82, pp. 687-694; Brown to Townshend, June 1, 1783, ibid., 735-743; Townshend to Brown, Feb. 14, 1783, HMC, Royal Institution, III, 358.

4. McGillivray to Brown, April 10, 1783, PRO, CO 5: 82, pp. 749-753; Wm. McIntosh to Brown, April 14, 1783, ibid., 757-759; Archibald McArthur to Carleton, July 5, 1783, HMC, Royal Institution, IV, 203; RRG, II, 510-511.

5. On McGillivray see John Walton Caughey, McGillivray of the Creeks, (Norman, Okla., 1938); and Arthur P. Whitaker, “Alexander McGillivray,” N. C. Hist. Rev., V, 181-203, 289-311.

6. McGillivray to Brown, Aug. 30, 1783, PRO, CO 5: 82, pp. 811-812; Brown to Lord North, Oct. 24, 1783, ibid., 807-808.

7. Gazette of the State of Georgia, Nov. 13, 1782; CRG, XXXIX, 503-505; Indian talks of April 5, 9, Sept. 20 and 22, 1784, see Indian treaties and troubles, GDAH.

8. McGillivray to John Houstoun, June 30, 1784, cited in Randolph C. Downes, “Creek-American Relations,” GHQ, XXI, 145-146; McGillivray to James White, American State Papers, Indian Affairs (Washington, 1832), I, 18-19 (Cited hereafter as ASP, IA); McGillivray to Thomas Pinckney, Feb. 26, 1789, ibid., 19-20; talks of Fat King and Tallassee King, April 5 and Sept. 22, 1784, “Indian Relations,” GDAH.

9. RRG, III, 540, 565; II, 624; CRG, XIX, Part II, 292-304.

10. CRG, XIX, Part II, 305-311.

11. RRG, II, 655-656, 669-670.

12. On Spanish Indian dealings see Caughey, McGillivray, 25; Jane M. Berry, “The Indian Policy of Spain in the Southwest, 1783-1795,” MVHR, III, 462-477; Arthur P. Whitaker, The Spanish-American Frontier; 1783-1795 (New York, 1927), 60-61, passim; Walter H. Mohr, Federal Indian Relations, 1774-1788 (Philadelphia, 1933), 143-146. On the place of Panton, Leslie and Company in these negotiations see D. C. Corbitt, “Papers Relating to the Georgia-Florida Frontier, 1784-1800,” GHQ, XX-XXV.

13. JCC, XXVII, 457-464; XXVIII, 118-120, 136-139, 159-162, 183-184, 362.

14. Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 196-198; Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-85, p. 270.

15. Vincente de Zespedes to ---------, June 12, 1785, “Florida,” Brooks Transcripts, 1749-1810, Mss. Div., LC.

16. Collections, GHS, V, Part II, 207-211, 215.

17. Ibid., 212, 216; Ms. Council Journal, 1785, p. 150; McGillivray to Andrew Pickens, Sept. 5, 1785, ASP, IA, I, 17-18.

18. Ms. Council Journal, 1785, pp. 150, 192-193; ASP, IA, I, 16, 26, 49; Wm. Blount to Gov. Caswell, Nov. 11, 1788, NCSR, XVIII, 566-567.

19. Whitaker, Spanish-American Frontier, 58; McGillivray to Gov. Thomas Pinckney, Feb. 26, 1789, ASP, IA, I, 20; Caughey, McGillivray, 102-103, 107.

20. ASP, IA, I, 17; Whitaker, “Alexander McGillivray,” N. C. Hist. Rev., V, 195-198.

21. H. W. Wagstaff, The Papers of John Steele (2 vols., Raleigh, 1924), I, 21-22; ASP, IA, I, 17; Kenneth Coleman, “Federal Indian Relations in the South, 1781-1789,” in The Chronicles of Oklahoma, XXXV, 439-446.

22. McGillivray to a friend in New Providence, Nassau, Jan. 20, 1787, in Georgia State Gazette, May 19, 1787; Caughey, McGillivray, 29-31; Berry, “Spanish Indian Policy,” MVHR, III, 465-466; assembly action Aug. 3, 1786, PCC, No. 73, pp. 323-331; Ms. “Indian Relations,” GDAH.

23. Telfair to various correspondents, May-Aug., 1786, GHQ, I, 145-150, and Ga. Council Corr., 64-70, 79-80, Force Transcripts, Mss. Div., LC. Ms. Assembly Journal, 1784-86, pp. 408-410, 412, 461-463, 470-484, 500-501, 513-514; Wm. Davenport to John Sevier, July 28, 1786, and extract of a letter from Tugaloo, Oct. 16, 1786, in Georgia State Gazette, Oct. 21, 1786; George Elhorn to Telfair, Sept. 20, 1786, “Letters, 1786,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.

24. “Unpublished Letters of Timothy Barnard, 1784-1820,” Ms. in GDAH, pp. 51-64; 1786 correspondence of Joseph Martin to Telfair, “Joseph Martin,” misc, file, GDAH.

25. Preliminaries and negotiations at Shoulderbone are in a ms. volume of Shoulderbone Minutes, GDAH. On preliminaries see the first sixty-five pages and John Habersham to Edward Telfair, Oct. 19, 1786, Habersham Ms., Duke U.

26. The Treaty of Shoulderbone is in Shoulderbone Minutes, 92-99, and CRG, XXXIX, 524-529.

27. Shoulderbone Minutes, 101-104.

28. Letters of Nov. 15 and 28, 1786, Ms. Governor’s Letter Book, 1786-89, pp. 6-15.

29. McGillivray to John Habersham, Nov. 28, 1786, “Letters, 1786,” Cuyler Coll., U. of Ga.; McGillivray to friend in Nassau, Jan. 20, 1787, Georgia State Gazette, May 19, 1787; McGillivray to James White, April 8, 1787, ASP, IA, I, 18; McGillivray to Thomas Pinckney, Feb. 26, 1789, ibid., 20.

30. JCC, XXX, 418-419, 420-421, 424; XXXI, 485, 488-489, 490, 747.

31. Mathews to Wm. Few and Wm. Pierce, March 23, 1787, Ms. Governor’s Letter Book, 1787-89, p. 36.