Bibliography
MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
French:
Archives Nationales (Marine), Paris, France. The portions relating to the Siege of Savannah are mainly filed in volumes 142, 166, 167, and 168 of Series B4. However, materials are also scattered through several other volumes. The army reports and headquarters papers relating to the Savannah campaign are in the Archives Marine though some such material is found in the Archives Guerre. The Archives consist of a mass of military and naval dispatches, reports, letters, orders, and miscellaneous documents. They are not arranged in accordance with any particular method. Each of these cartons contains between 350 and 500 pages of manuscript material. The author has translated or examined only certain significant portions of the Archives pertaining to the Siege of Savannah, a mere fraction of the whole. A considerable part consists of purely routine reports or orders. In many instances the almost illegible handwriting makes translation very difficult. Photostats of the portions of the French National Archives connected with the War of American Independence are in the Library of Congress. They have been catalogued.
Count d’Estaing. There are hundreds of letters, reports, and orders of General d’Estaing relating to the Savannah expedition in the Archives Nationales. In the words of Édouard Chevalier, author of a French naval history of the period, M. d’Estaing “écrivait beaucoup.” His writings in his fine, small hand take up a larger portion of the French National Archives than that of any other commander, according to Lacour-Gayet.
Among the more significant d’Estaing items (including some not in the Archives Nationales) are the following:
(a) Faites et Motifs Préliminaires (Facts and Preliminary Motives). This document which was written by d’Estaing was added as a preface to his “Observations on O’Connor’s Journal.” This manuscript, which is in the Library of the Service Hydrographique de la Marine in Paris, is a summary of Count d’Estaing’s reasons for undertaking the Savannah campaign. It is eleven pages in length.
(b) “Observations of Count d’Estaing on O’Connor’s Journal of the Siege of Savannah.” Library of the Service Hydrographique de la Marine in Paris. These notes or observations consist of d’Estaing’s commentaries written in parallel column to the entries for the same date in Captain O’Connor’s Journal. They appear under the respective head of “E” and “O.” The observations of d’Estaing were written aboard the Languedoc while that vessel was still off the Georgia coast, being dated October 25, 1779. The Journal of O’Connor and d’Estaing’s comments upon it cover pages 12–79 of a manuscript entitled Journal du Siège de Savannah. Septembre, et Octobre, 1779. Another copy is in the Archives Guerre, A4, pp. 150ff. A third copy is in the hands of an English manuscripts dealer and has been offered for sale in America. The rough draft of the observations of Count d’Estaing and of his report to M. de Sartine is in the Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 166, pp. 343–404 (folio pages). It is fortunate that this original draft was transcribed in readable form as it is almost indecipherable. The translations in this book of the O’Connor-d’Estaing manuscript are mine.
(c) Journal de M. Le Comte D’Estaing. Avril 1788 [sic]—Octobre 1779. MS in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. The part relating to the Savannah campaign covers seven pages. This journal was acquired by the Society in 1904. In so far as the Siege of Savannah is concerned it is more or less a digest of O’Connor’s Journal. The manuscript refers to d’Estaing in the third person.
(d) D’Estaing’s report on the Savannah campaign sent from Brest to M. de Sartine, Minister of Marine, December 5, 1779. Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 142, pp. 119–154. These are folio numbered pages, the report being actually 70 pages long.
(e) The Orderly Book of General d’Estaing’s Headquarters from the day of the landing at Beaulieu until the embarkation some five weeks later. Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 167, pp. 266–310 (folio pages).
Journal of a garde de marine on the Guerrier. This diary was kept by a young cadet on Bougainville’s ship while the vessel was in American waters. The original is in the Library of the Service Hydrographique de la Marine in Paris. The portion relating to the period spent off Georgia covers pages 635–722 of the records. I have tried without success to identify the author of this journal.
Journal de ma Campagne, faite sous les ordres de Mr le Cte d’Estaing Vice-amiral de France, commandant l’Escadre du Roy partie de Toulon le 13 Avril 1778. This journal of an unidentified naval officer is in reality a log-book of the Languedoc. It is not of much value to a study of the Siege of Savannah. A facsimile (with an English translation) is in B. F. Stevens’ “Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America 1773–1783.” (No. 2011).
Journal of an unidentified French officer entitled Siège de Savannah par le Comte d’Estaing 1779. A manuscript copy of this journal, written in a clear, beautiful hand, is in the De Renne Collection in the Library of the University of Georgia. It is not apparent whether the author was a naval or an army officer. This Journal is one of the two journals translated by Charles C. Jones, Jr. (or rather by his daughter as we are informed in the Catalogue of the De Renne Collection) and published in The Siege of Savannah, in 1779, as Described in Two Contemporaneous Journals of French Officers in the Fleet of Count d’Estaing (Albany, N. Y., 1874), 1–52.
Miscellaneous French letters among the Benjamin Lincoln Papers in the New York Public Library include two communications from d’Estaing to General Lincoln and one from the French commander to Colonel Laurens. They are in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection. For a complete list of these papers see Calendar of the Emmet Collection of Manuscripts, etc., Relating to American History (New York, 1900), 365–370.
Meyronnet de Saint-Marc, Comte rendu des opérations faites par l’armée française, commandée par Mr. d’Estaing devant Savannah (Amérique). This twenty-two page manuscript journal of Chevalier Meyronnet de Saint-Marc, a young lieutenant de vaisseau on the Marsellais, is now owned by the New-York Historical Society. It is not in Meyronnet’s hand but there is a note appended by him at the end identifying the journal as his. The original of this Journal was located in the Bibliothèque Municipale of Avignon, France. Vol. 2750, pp. 139–146 (folio pages). A reproduction of the manuscript is in the Library of Congress. It is entitled Détail des opérations faites par l’armée française de M. le Cte. d’Estaing devant Savannah. The name of Meyronnet de Saint-Marc does not appear on the original.
Journal de la campagne du vaisseau le Marseillais de 74 canons portant 36 . . . 18 et . . . 8. Commandé par monsieur de la Poïpe de Vertrieux, Capitaine des vaisseaux du Roy. Commandant la compagnie des Gardes de la Marine à toulon armé le 6 fevrier 1778 dans le port de toulon. MS in the Bibliothèque Municipale of Avignon, Vol. 2750, pages 2–84 (folio pages). The name of the author is not shown on the journal but the similarity in handwriting to the journal mentioned above, the fact that it was written by an officer aboard the Marseillais, and other circumstances indicate strongly that it was written by Lieutenant Meyronnet de Saint-Marc. Pages 61–84 cover the period of d’Estaing’s expedition to Georgia and the return to France. The journal is a faithful, day-by-day factual account of the voyage of the Marseillais from the time she left Toulon in April, 1778, until December 31, 1779, when the author debarked in France. However, it is of an impersonal nature, and is to a large extent merely a log of the vessel during the American campaign.
Antoine-François-Térance O’Connor, Journal Du Siège de Savannah. A copy of the journal is in the Library of the Service Hydrographique de la Marine in Paris. Captain O’Connor was a French engineer of Irish descent. The Journal is a transcript of the original with d’Estaing’s commentaries and observations copied in parallel column. A rough copy of O’Connor’s Journal is found in the Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 167.
Orders for the attack by the Allied forces on October 9th, 1779. A manuscript copy of d’Estaing’s orders is in Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 167, pp. 298–300 (folio pages). A signed copy is found among the Benjamin Lincoln Papers in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection. A reproduction of the orders of the French General in connection with the false attack upon the British center is in B. F. Stevens, “Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America 1773–1783.’’ The American and French orders are published in Magazine of American History, II (September, 1878), 548–551.
Puysegur MSS in possession of Bernard-Jacques-Hubert, Comte de Puysegur of Paris, a direct descendant of Antoine-Hyacinthe-Anne de Puysegur de Chastenet who commanded the Truite at Savannah. These miscellaneous papers include a short summary of M. de Puysegur’s services at Savannah written by Count d’Estaing.
Relation du Siège de Savannah capitale de la nouvelle Géorgie, province de Sud de L’Amérique Septentrionale. This matter-of-fact account of the Siege was written by an unidentified French officer. It is in the Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 142, pp. 197–200 (folio pages).
Jean-Rémy de Tarragon, Journal de la Campagne de Savannah En 1779. A copy is in Stevens’ “Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America.’’ (No. 2010). A convenient English translation accompanies it. The place in the French archives where this 28 page manuscript is deposited is not revealed. The signature “Pechot’’ which appears at the end of the manuscript was evidently a pen name used by Captain de Tarragon for the sake of anonymity. The Journal is printed in a brochure, edited by Lieutenant Colonel Adrien de Tarragon, entitled Extrait du Journal de Campagne du Chevalier Jean-Rémy de Tarragon Capitaine commandant les chasseurs du régiment d’Armagnac et major de la division de Dillon au siège de Savannah 1779 (Moulins, 1935). There are a few minor differences between the printed version and the manuscript copy of the Journal which is found in Stevens’ Facsimiles. M. Rèmy de Tarragon of Limoges, France, a descendant of the author of the Journal, kindly furnished me with a copy of this little work.
American:
Peter Horry. General Horry’s copy of M. L. Weems’ Life of Gen. Francis Marion (Philadelphia, 1809) with his marginal comments thereon is in possession of his descendants. A. S. Salley, of Columbia, kindly made extracts for me from a photostat in his possession. Horry’s Notes are of great value in exposing some of Weems’ inventions.
The James Jackson MSS in the Georgia Historical Society contain a transcript of the notes Jackson wrote on Ramsay’s History of the Revolution of South-Carolina, 2 vols. (Trenton, 1785). They were copied by William Bacon Stevens from the original or possibly from a copy which, according to a survey made in 1825 by Joseph V. Bevan, was in the Archives of the State of Georgia. A manuscript obituary or autobiographical sketch among the Jackson papers contains only a brief allusion to his part in the Siege of Savannah.
The Seaborn Jones Papers in the Duke University Library include three letters written during the Siege by Major John Jones to his wife who was refugeeing at Jacksonborough, South Carolina. The original of a letter sent from Zubly’s Ferry on September 14, 1779, which was presented by Charles C. Jones, Jr., to Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet is in the Emmet Collection in the New York Public Library. The four letters are published in George White, Historical Collections of Georgia (New York, 1854), 535–536.
Benjamin Lincoln. The Lincoln Papers in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection in the New York Public Library (under the head of “Siege of Savannah”) include American casualty lists and returns, letters of various French officers (including d’Estaing), maps, and many documents not connected in any way with the Siege. It is notable for the number of prints of French, British and American officers. The particular Collection is carefully bound and arranged with Hough’s Siege of Savannah and Jones’ French Officers’ Journals. The main Lincoln items are his letter to Major Everard Meade dated November 1, 1779, and two letters to him from Count d’Estaing. A journal of the Siege of Savannah by General Lincoln is in the Library of Congress among the Papers of the Continental Congress. His account is not very revealing. It is styled “Journal of Major Gen. Lincoln from September 3rd to October 19th, 1779.” The last page of the original is missing but a contemporaneous rough draft thereof is in the Library of Congress. Lincoln’s official report dated October 22, 1779, is also among the Papers of the Continental Congress in that institution. No. 158, pp. 279–282. It is printed in Franklin B. Hough, ed., The Siege of Savannah (Albany, N. Y., 1866), 149–156. Several other communications from Lincoln to the Congress during the period of the Savannah Campaign are also in the Library of Congress. General Lincoln’s Order Books of this period are in the De Renne Collection at the University of Georgia.
Miscellaneous manuscripts in the Georgia Historical Society which relate to the Siege include the following:
(a) A manuscript history of Georgia by Joseph Vallance Bevan written about 1825 contains a chapter on the Siege of Savannah. The account is based on the limited sources available at the time. The following curious, unexpanded statement appears about Pulaski: “In fact, none of the vulgar stories commonly repeated about himself, or his conduct during the siege, appear to be entitled to the least degree of credit.”
(b) A letter from Ensign Moses Buffington of Captain Parr’s South Carolina Royalists to his “ever honoured” parents, dated December 8, 1779, contains a poorly spelled account of the Siege of Savannah. With corrected spelling it appeared in The Magnolia, or Southern Appalachian (Charleston, 1842–1843), II (1843), 378.
(c) Lynah Papers. These manuscripts consist of several letters written to James Lynah who in 1854 wrote to the Philadelphia Herald on the subject of the operation performed by his grandfather at Savannah upon General Pulaski. Included among them is a letter giving recollections of the reminiscences of Dr. Nicholas Belleville about Pulaski. (“He seemed to fight as if enjoying a banquet.”) There is also among these papers a certificate as to the authenticity of the fatal grapeshot.
(d) Letter from General Lachlan McIntosh to General Moultrie, August 10, 1779, describing low morale of the Virginia militia. The only McIntosh paper relating to the period of the Siege is in the Benjamin Lincoln Papers, Thomas Addis Emmet Collection, in the New York Public Library. It is dated October 16, 1779.
(e) The William Bacon Stevens papers in the Georgia Historical Society include a memorandum in Stevens’ hand of the story about Samuel Warren of South Carolina and his English aunt. I have not been able to verify this anecdote. Captain Warren was officially listed among the American wounded on October 9th.
Pinckney Papers. The C. C. Pinckney Collection in the Library of Duke University contains the original of the letter written by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Jr., to his mother on October 9, 1779, and printed in Charles C. Jones, Jr., History of Savannah, Ga. (Syracuse, 1890), 289. Among the C. C. Pinckney MSS in the Library of Congress is a letter to his mother dated October 15, 1779, in which he reproves her for her attitude toward his brother who apparently had been guilty of writing to his new wife more frequently while in camp before Savannah than to his parent.
A photostat of the only Thomas Pinckney manuscript relating to the Siege which was located is in the South Carolina Historical Society in Charleston. The original was not found. The document in question which is entitled “Account of the Siege of Savannah” was prepared by General Pinckney at the request of Alexander Garden and appeared in Anecdotes of the American Revolution (Charleston, 1828), 20–27. The only other Thomas Pinckney manuscript known to have been written in connection with the Siege appears to be no longer extant. It was a letter from General Pinckney to William Johnson in 1822 in which he took the Judge to task for several statements in his Life of General Greene, including the one that “even at the last moment the attack might have succeeded” had, among other things, “all the corps of the American army fought with equal bravery.” In a letter to his son enclosing the communication Pinckney stated that old age had “blunted those feelings which would have dictated a more indignant refutation of the calumny.” See Thomas J. Kirkland and Robert M. Kennedy, Historic Camden (Columbia, S. C., 1905), 196f.
The Casimir Pulaski manuscripts in the Archives and Museum of the Polish Roman Catholic Union at Chicago include a dispatch sent by that officer to General Lincoln on September 14, 1779. The Archives Nationales contain several communications written by Pulaski to d’Estaing in French during the Savannah campaign. The letters are dated September 12th, October 2nd and 6th, 1779. See Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 168, pp. 205–209.
British:
British Regimental Order Book, July 2–October 2, 1779. MS in the Library of Congress. Apparently it is the same manuscript to which William B. Stevens had access and which was described by him as an orderly book of General Prevost. It was then in the Tefft Collection. Stevens quoted from it in his History of Georgia, 2 vols. (New York, Philadelphia, 1847, 1859), II, 203f.
Sir Henry Clinton Headquarters Papers.
(a) The Clinton Collection in the William L. Clements Library at the University of Michigan contains various records including intelligence reports, letters, maps, casualty lists, and commissary returns during the period of the Siege of Savannah.
(b) British Headquarters Papers of General Henry Clinton in possession of Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. They include the originals of the dispatches from General Prevost to Lord Clinton reporting the presence of the French fleet off Georgia. This Collection is in microfilm form in the New York Public Library.
Miscellaneous British MSS in the Department of Archives and History of the State of Georgia in Atlanta. These papers include a number of documents connected with the Siege of Savannah. Among them are two letters signed by Captain Mowbray of the Germain relating to the service of his Majesty in the Savannah River. They are dated September 17th and 26th, 1779. They also number several official documents in respect to the burning by the British of the residence of Josiah Tattnall in the environs of Savannah. See “Bonds, Bills of Sale, Deeds of Gift, Powers of Attorney,” for 1778–1782 and for 1779–1789.
John Maitland. No letters of Lieutenant Colonel Maitland were located at Thirlestane Castle in Lauder, Scotland. The Duke of Newcastle Papers in the British Museum contain the memorial sent by Captain Maitland in 1761 requesting promotion and recounting the loss of his right hand in the battle in Lagos Bay, Spain. Maitland stated that he had been an officer for sixteen years. He must therefore have entered the army at a very youthful age. This is the only Maitland manuscript catalogued in the British Museum. Apparently no papers of Colonel Maitland during the time of the Siege are in existence. A letter written by him to General Moultrie belonging to a slightly earlier period is published in the latter’s Memoirs.
Minutes of the Governor and Council, Savannah, September 6, 1779—September 20, 1780. These manuscript records in the Georgia Historical Society were edited by Lilla M. Hawes and published in The Georgia Historical Quarterly, XXXV (March, 1951), 31–59; (June, 1951), 126–151; and (September, 1951), 196–221.
Public Record Office Papers (America and West Indies), Colonial Office. London. Class 5, Vols. 98 and 131. This massive collection contains a number of letters connected with the Siege of Savannah, including General Prevost’s report of his victory and the dispatches sent by him before the blockade became effective to General Clinton, Colonel Fuser, and Admiral Byron. The papers in the Public Record Office relating to the American Revolution are catalogued and abstracted in Report on American Manuscripts in the Royal Institution of Great Britain (I, London, 1904; II, Dublin, 1906). A number of these manuscripts are found in facsimile form in Stevens’ “Facsimiles of Manuscripts in European Archives Relating to America 1773–1783.” The Headquarters Papers of Sir Henry Clinton, in possession of Colonial Williamsburg, Inc., contain the originals of some of the Public Record Office manuscripts which in certain instances are found only in abstract form in Great Britain. The old and new style designations of the British Public Record Office papers are confusing. Mr. Kenneth Coleman of Atlanta, a student of Georgia’s Revolutionary history, kindly made available to me his microfilm of certain of the above records.
PRINTED JOURNALS, MEMOIRS, AND CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS OF THE SIEGE OF SAVANNAH
French:
Bougainville à L’Escadre du Cte D’Estaing Guerre d’Amérique 1778–1779 (Paris, 1927) by René de Kerallain. This interesting little work quotes copiously from the journal kept by M. de Bougainville while his ship was off the Georgia coast. The author was a descendant of the famous navigator.
Campagne de M. le Comte d’Estaing en Amérique ou Mémoire pour servir de réfutation au libelle Contre ce Vice-Amiral (Brussels, 1782). Pages 64–75 of this pamphlet contain a defense of the Count’s actions in respect to the Siege and attack to the criticisms in Extrait du Journal d’un officier de la marine de l’Escadre de M. le Comte d’Estaing, op. cit. The author of this defense was anonymous. A copy is in the John Carter Brown Library, Providence, Rhode Island.
Extrait du Journal d’un officier de la marine de l’Escadre de M. le comte d’Estaing (Paris, 1782). Copies of this journal which was written by an unidentified French naval officer are in the Library of Congress and in the De Renne Collection in the University of Georgia Library. The portion of this journal pertaining to the Savannah campaign (i.e., pp. 101–126) was translated by or under the direction of Charles C. Jones, Jr. and published in The Siege of Savannah, in 1779, as Described in Two Contemporaneous Journals of French Officers in the Fleet of Count d’Estaing (Albany, N. Y., 1874), 57–70. The journal itself offers no clue to the identity of the author. It appears too critical to have been written by d’Estaing’s trusted assistant, M. de Borda, a suggestion once made by Thomas Balch. For example, on September 28, 1779, Chevalier de Borda says at the end of a report, “I close, mon cher général, by offering a thousand prayers for you. My heart and my head desire that you succeed.” Archives Nationales (Marine), B4 166, p. 32.
Mémoires et voyages du Chevalier Aristide-Aubert du Petit-Thouars, capitaine de Vaisseau (Paris, 1822). The description of du Petit-Thouars’ experiences at Savannah were set forth in a letter written by him to his friend, Deodat de Dolomieu, in 1785.
Relation De L’Attaque de Savanach [sic]. A copy of this two page account is in the John Carter Brown Library in Providence.
Mémoires Posthumes du Feld-Maréchal Comte de Stedingk by Le Général Comte de Bjornstjerna, 3 vols. (Paris, 1844). Stedingk wrote in French. His letter to the King of Sweden dated January 18, 1780, furnishes a good description of the Savannah campaign. Mémoires, I, 36–44. The letter to King Gustave III is translated in ‘‘Count Stedingk,” Putnam’s Monthly, October, 1854, 352–353.
Journal of Philippe Séguier de Terson, a captain in the Agénois Regiment. This journal is printed, with commentaries and notes by A. de Cazenove, in Le Siège de Savannah. Extrait de la Revue de Midi (Nîmes, 1903). A copy is found in the De Renne Collection at the University of Georgia.
Journal of Captain Jean-Rémy de Tarragon. See French Manuscripts, supra.
American:
Paul Bentalou, A Reply to Judge Johnson’s Remarks on an Article in the North American Review, Relating to Count Pulaski (Baltimore 1826). He wrote another pamphlet in 1824 entitled Pulaski Vindicated from an unsupported Charge, Inconsiderately or Malignantly Introduced in Judge Johnson’s Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Major General Nathaniel [sic] Greene. Both pamphlets allude to the Siege of Savannah in which Captain Bentalou served with Pulaski’s Legion.
Letters of Joseph Clay, Merchant of Savannah, 1776–1793. Collections of the Georgia Historical Society (Savannah, 1913), VIII. The original letter-books are in possession of the Georgia Historical Society. Colonel Clay, who was present at the Siege of Savannah, wrote several letters during that period.
“William Hasell Gibbes Story of his Life.” Edited by Arney R. Childs. The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine (Charleston, 1900–), L (April, 1949), pp. 59–67. Gibbes’ autobiographical sketch is unfortunately meagre in regard to his experiences during the Siege of Savannah.
“Order book of Maj. John Faucheraud Grimké, August 1778 to May, 1780.” The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, XVII (January, April, and July, 1916). The order book covers the period of the Siege.
Joseph Habersham. A letter written by Colonel Joseph Habersham on September 28th, 1779, from “Col Wylly’s Tent,” was in existence some years ago. In it Habersham related that Samuel Elbert was a prisoner at the time within the British lines at Savannah. I was not able to find the original. Charles C. Jones, Jr. mentioned the fact that he had seen this letter. See The Life and Services of the Honorable Maj. Gen. Samuel Elbert of Georgia (Cambridge, Mass., 1887), 35 n.
Paul Hamilton, Sr., “Extracts from a Private Manuscript written by Governor Paul Hamilton, Sr., During the Period of the Revolutionary War, from 1776–1800.” Year Book—1898. City of Charleston, So. Ca., 299–327. Governor Hamilton served at Savannah at a very youthful age. These reminiscences graphically describe his reactions to the Allied losses on October 9th but are devoid of details of his experiences during the Siege.
“Account of the Siege of Savannah” by General Thomas Pinckney in Garden’s Anecdotes of the American Revolution, 20–27. See American manuscript sources, supra.
David Ramsay, The History of the Revolution of South-Carolina, from a British Province to an Independent State, 2 vols. (Trenton, 1785). Dr. Ramsay was present during the Siege of Savannah and his history is for that reason listed among original sources though there is nothing in his account in the way of personal reminiscence or anecdote.
Major Rogowski’s memoirs of Casimir Pulaski’s part in the attack on October 9th. Rogowski’s dramatic and imaginative account of the circumstances under which the Polish hero was mortally wounded is quoted by Charles C. Jones, Jr., in his History of Georgia, II, 402 n.
British:
Robert Colvill, Savannah, a Poem in Two Cantos to the Memory of the Honourable Colonel John Maitland (London, 1780). Twenty pages, including a preface. There were several editions. Copies are in the Library of the University of Georgia, the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library and the Georgia State Library. The Reverend Mr. Colvill of Dysart, Scotland, is described in The Lives of Eminent Scotsmen (1822) as “an assiduous but unsuccessful wooer of the muses; he was for a time, one of the most constant of Ruddiman’s weekly contributors.”
“The Siege of Savannah, 1779, as Related by Colonel John Harris Cruger.” Magazine of American History, II (August, 1878) 489–492. Colonel Cruger’s account of the Siege was sent with a letter, dated November 8, 1779, to his father and brother in New York.
Journal of Captain Johann Hinrichs. This inquisitive-minded Hessian officer was not present at the Siege of Savannah but visited the town a few weeks later. His journal describes the country and its economy and reviews at some length the military aspects of the Siege of Savannah. The journal with an excellent translation is printed in The Siege of Charleston With an Account of the Province of South Carolina: Diaries and Letters of Hessian Officers From the von Jungkenn Papers in the William L. Clements Library. Translated and edited by Bernard A. Uhlendorf (Ann Arbor, 1938).
Journals in Hough’s Siege of Savannah reprinted from The Royal Gazette of New York. There are three such “journals.” They are: (1) a report made by Captain John Henry of the English navy (ibid., 134–146); (2) a journal by an unidentified British naval officer (ibid., 57–79) which also appeared in The Historical Magazine (Boston, 1857–1875), VIII, January, 1864; and (3) a journal (Hough, pp. 25–52) which appeared in The Royal Gazette (New York) on December 11, 1779. The latter journal was printed in The Royal Georgia Gazette at Savannah on November 18, 1779. As reprinted in a Charlestown paper the following month this journal was published in Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, V, Part 1 (Savannah, 1901), 129–139. In two or three places the language of the journal in question is identical to that of Governor Wright’s account of the Siege hereinafter mentioned. Possibly the journal as published in the newspapers was a composite affair.
Elizabeth Lichtenstein Johnston, Recollections of a Georgia Loyalist (New York and London, 1901). Miss Lichtenstein was in Savannah during the Siege. She later married Captain William Martin Johnston. Her recollections were written in 1836 when she was seventy-two.
T. W. Moore, letter written by concerning Siege, November 4, 1779. This account by an aide-de-camp of General Prevost appeared in Rivington’s Royal Gazette on December 29th of the same year. See Hough’s Siege of Savannah, 82–88.
Augustin Prevost. General Prevost’s report to Lord Germain dated November 2, 1779, embodied a journal of the Siege of Savannah. See British manuscripts, supra. Prevost’s official dispatch was contemporaneously printed at London in The Gentleman’s Magazine and in The Westminster Magazine in December, 1779. Two years later while visiting at Valenciennes, General Prevost, who spoke French, wrote a journal of the Siege of Savannah in that tongue. In the main he followed his original account. This journal was translated by Charles Edgeworth Jones and published in Publications of the Southern History Association (Atlanta, 1895–1907), I (October, 1897), 259–268.
The Annual Register, or a View of the History, Politics, and Literature, for the year 1779 (London, 1780), 207–214.
Anthony Stokes. Chief Justice Stokes’ letter to his wife dated November 9, 1779, contains a good account of the Siege. See Frank Moore, ed., Diary of the American Revolution. From Newspapers and Original Documents, 2 vols. (New York, 1863), II, 223–231. Stokes’ View of the Constitution of the British Colonies, in North America and the West Indies, at the time the Civil War broke out on the Continent of America (London, 1783) mentions the loss of his papers by fire during the bombardment of Savannah. There are several references to the Siege of Savannah in A Narrative of the Official Conduct of Anthony Stokes of the Inner Temple, London, Barrister at Law; His Majesty’s Chief Justice, and one of his Council of Georgia; and of the Dangers and Distresses He underwent in the Cause of Government (London, 1784). A copy of Stokes’ narrative is in the Library of Congress.
James Wright. Governor Wright wrote a journal of the Siege of Savannah which is published in Collections of the Georgia Historical Society (Savannah, 1873), III, 262–268. Letters from Sir James to Lord Germain in reference to the Siege are found ibid., 260f., 270f. Wright’s Journal and his accompanying letter of November 5th are in The Colonial Records of the State of Georgia (Atlanta, 1937), XXXVIII (Part II). Typewritten copy of unpublished British records compiled by Allen D. Candler.
CONTEMPORARY NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
The Boston Gazette and the Country Journal, October-December, 1779. The Library of Congress.
The Charlestown Gazette, published by Mrs. Crouch, 1779. Files of the three Charleston papers mentioned in this bibliography are in the Charleston Library Society in that city.
Connecticut Journal (New Haven), November-December, 1779. The Library of Congress.
The Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1779), Vol. XLIX.
Johnston, James. A pamphlet published in 1780, entitled Account of the Siege of Savannah; Chiefly Extracted from the Royal Georgia Gazette (Savannah, 1780). De Renne Collection, Library of the University of Georgia. The pamphlet consists principally of the journal of the Siege which appeared in that newspaper on November 18, 1779.
New Jersey Archives—Newspaper Extracts, 1778–1780, Vols. III, IV. Contains extracts from newspapers describing exploits of Major Maitland in New Jersey in 1778.
The New-York Gazette and The Weekly Mercury, 1779–1780. Photostats of this newspaper for these years are in the Library of Congress.
The New-York Mercury, or, General Advertiser, December 10, 1779. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
The Pennsylvania Gazette and Weekly Advertiser (Philadelphia) September-October-November, 1779. The Library of Congress.
The Royal Gazette (New York), a Loyalist newspaper published by James Rivington. Much of the material that appeared in its columns relating to the Siege was reprinted later in Hough’s Siege of Savannah. Files of The Royal Gazette are in the Library of Congress and in the New-York Historical Society. The Right Honorable Ian Colin Maitland, Fifteenth Earl of Lauderdale, kindly made available a contemporary reprint of the eulogy to Colonel Maitland which was published in Rivington’s Gazette on December 15, 1779.
The Royal Georgia Gazette (Savannah). Publication of this Tory newspaper was suspended when the French appeared before Savannah. A series of articles concerning the Siege was printed in its columns during November and December, 1779. The most complete file of the Gazette during the period is in the Library of the University of Georgia at Athens.
The Scots Magazine (Edinburgh), December, 1779.
The South-Carolina and American General Gazette (Charlestown), 1779.
The Gazette of the State of South-Carolina (Charlestown), 1779.
The Virginia Gazette (Williamsburg), 1779. Photostats of the Gazette for that year are in the Library of Congress.
The Westminster Magazine (London), December, 1779.
SECONDARY WORKS AND MATERIAL
The following list represents the secondary sources cited in the footnotes and others that have proven useful in this study of the Siege of Savannah and of its participants. It is by no means exhaustive of the secondary and background works consulted. In some instances books mentioned among the primary sources have been relisted here. Works in the French language (or translations) have been classified under the head of “French” and those by Americans or Englishmen under that head, translations of German writings being included among them.
French:
Balch, Thomas (translation by E. S. and E. W. Balch), The French in America During the War of Independence of the United States 1777–1783, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1895). The second volume contains brief biographical sketches of French officers.
Bellessort, André, La Pérouse (Paris, 1926).
Besson, Maurice, Le Comte D’Estaing (Paris, 1931). This work is based to a large extent on Calmon-Maison’s biography of Admiral d’Estaing.
Biographie Générale, 46 vols. (Paris, 1854–1856). The first eight volumes of this work were styled Nouvelle Biographie Universelle.
Biographie Universelle, edited by Joseph-François Michaud, 45 vols. (Paris, 1854–1865).
Bjornstjerna, Count de, Mémoires Posthumes du Feld-Maréchal Comte de Stedingk, 3 vols. (Paris, 1844).
Calmon-Maison, Jean Joseph, L’Amiral d’Estaing (1729–1794) (Paris, 1910). This is the best existing study of Count d’Estaing.
Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette, Memoirs of the Private Life of Marie Antoinette, 2 vols. (New York, 1917).
Castellane, Marquis de, Gentilshommes Démocrates (Paris, 1890). Contains chapter on Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles.
Chevalier, Édouard, Histoire de la Marine Française Pendant la Guerre de L’Indépendance Américaine (Paris, 1877). This work presents a comprehensive account of French naval operations during the American Revolution, including those off Savannah.
Colomb, Pierre, “Memoirs of a Revolutionary Soldier.” Translated and published in The Collector (New York), Mary A. Benjamin, ed. See issues of October and November, 1950, and January, 1951. Colomb was a Frenchman who enlisted in the American service. He was captured when Savannah fell in 1778.
Combattants Français de la guerre Américaine 1777–1783 by the “Ministère des Affaires Étrangères.” 58th Congress, 2d. Session, Document No. 77. (Washington, 1905). Contains rosters of crews of the French ships and of the French regiments that fought in America.
Couvrai, Louvet de, Amours du Chevalier de Faublaf, a portion of which was published in America under the title of The Interesting History of the Baron De Lovzinski. Written by Himself. With a Relation of the Most Remarkable Occurrences in the Life of the Celebrated Count Pulaski (Hartford, 1800). Imaginative account of Pulaski’s last moments.
Cunat, M., Histoire du bailli de Suffren (Paris, 1852).
Doniol, Henri, Histoire de la Participation de la France à l’Établissement des États-Unis d’Amérique (Paris, 1889).
Du Petit Thouars, Admiral Bergasse, Aristide Aubert du Petit Thouars. Héros d’Aboukir, 1760–1798. Lettres et documents inédits (Paris, 1937).
Guizot, M. and Madame Guizot de Witt, The History of France from the Earliest Times to 1848. 8 vols. Translated by Robert Black (New York, 1869–1898).
Kerallain, René de, Bougainville à L’Escadre du Cte D’Estaing Guerre d’Amérique 1778–1779 (Paris, 1927).
Lacour-Gayet, “Old France and Young America; Campaign of Vice-Admiral D’Estaing, in 1778.” Translated from the French. The United Service (L. B. Hamersly, Jr., ed.) Vol. 8 (New York), October, 1905, pp. 301–321.
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Duke de, Voyage dans les États-Unis d’Amérique, fait en 1795,1796 et 1797, 8 vols. (Paris, 1799). M. de La Rochefoucauld discussed the Siege of Savannah with residents of the city while he was there.
Lasseray, André, Les Français sous les treize étoiles (Paris, 1935).
La Varende, Jean de, Suffren et Ses Ennemis (Paris, 1948).
Leconte, Vergniaud, Henri Christophe dans L’Histoire D’Haiti (Paris, 1931). Contains a brief reference to Christophe’s military services at Savannah.
Merlant, Joachim, Soldiers and Sailors of France in the American War for Independence (1776–1783) as translated from the French by Mary Bushnell (New York, 1920).
Noailles, Amblard Marie Raymond Amédée, Vicomte de, Marins et Soldats Français En Amérique Pendant la Guerre d’L’Indépendance des États-Unis (1778–1783), (Paris, 1903 ed.).
Pluyette, Colonel, “Étude critique des opérations de L’amiral d’Estaing aux États-Unis et aux Antilles (1778–1779).” Bulletin Historique et Scientifique de L’Auvergne. L’Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Clermont-Ferrand. Second Series, 1921 and 1922, passim. The Savannah Campaign (briefly treated only) is ibid., 1922, pp. 121–128. A copy of this publication is in the New York Public Library.
Pontgibaud, de, A French Volunteer of the War of Independence (the Chevalier de Pontgibaud). Translated and edited by Robert B. Douglas (New York, 1898). De Pontgibaud was not at Savannah during the Siege but his journal contains glimpses of some of the Frenchmen who were.
Ségur, Comte Louis-Philippe de, Mémoires du comte de Ségur, 7 vols. (Paris, 1842).
Soulés, François, Histoire Des Troubles de L’Amérique Anglaise, 7 vols. (Paris, 1787).
Thiers, M. A., The History of the French Revolution, 5 vols. Translated by Frederick Shoberl (London, 1838).
Thiéry, Maurice, Bougainville, Soldier and Sailor (London, 1932). Translation by Anne Agnew. There is little about the Savannah episode in this interesting biography.
British and American:
Annals of Congress, 7th Congress, 2nd Sess. (1803), p. 172. Speech of Hon. James Jackson in United States Senate in which he quoted d’Estaing’s reputed reply to the Americans concerning his perseverance in the attempt to take Savannah.
Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography (New York, 1888–1889), 6 vols.
Arthur, T. S., and W. H. Carpenter, The History of Georgia, from its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time (Philadelphia, 1852). Contains the anecdote about Count Dillon and the reward he offered to his troops.
Bartram, John, Diary of a Journey through the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida from July 1,1765, to April 10,1766 (London, 1766).
Beatson, Robert, Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain from 1727 to 1783 (London, 1804), 6 vols.
Bellet, Louise Pecquet du, Some Prominent Virginia Families (Lynchburg, 1907). 2 vols. Volume two contains “A Narrative of My Life For My Family” written in 1842 by Francis T. Brooke who served at Savannah during the closing stages of the Revolution.
Bonsai, Stephen, When the French Were Here (New York, 1945). Contains brief mention of the Siege of Savannah, being principally “A Narrative of the Sojourn of the French Forces in America, and their Contribution to the Yorktown Campaign.” Mr. Bonsai’s researches carried him into the Archives Nationales in Paris.
British Martial Register, The (London, 1806), III, 59–66. Account of Siege of Savannah.
Butler, Lewis, The Annals of the King’s Royal Rifle Corps (London, 1913–1932), 5 vols. A photograph of the colors of the Second Regiment of South Carolina is in volume one. The flag borne by Jasper is not a trophy of the King’s Royal Rifle Corps at London as some have asserted. My efforts to locate the colors in England were not successful.
Carrington, Henry B., Battles of the American Revolution 1775–1781 (New York, 1876).
Chappell, J. Harris, Georgia History in Stories (Atlanta, 1905). The author quoted a remark to General Lincoln attributed to Count d’Estaing that Savannah was surrounded and that “the city will be ours before sunset without the firing of a gun!” I have never been able to locate the source of this undocumented quotation and am completely at a loss to know where it came from.
Chronological History of Savannah, A. E. Sholes, Compiler (Savannah, 1900). Contains photograph of the house (now destroyed) used by Prevost as his headquarters. It was located on the north side of Broughton between Bull and Drayton Streets. There is also a picture of the old Sheftall house (later Kent) on St. James or Telfair Square showing the hole made by a French cannon ball during the Siege.
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society (1904), Seventh Series, IV, 259–260. Letter of Samuel Barrett, August 23, 1778, criticizing the abandonment by the French of the Siege of Newport.
Crawford, Mary MacDermot, The Sailor Whom England Feared (New York, 1913). John Paul Jones’ statement concerning the preference shown the nobility in the French navy in 1778, quoted on page 9f., supra, was taken from this work.
Davis, John, Travels of Four Years and a Half in the United States of America; during 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, and 1802 (London, 1803). Davis compared the city to a village on the Cliffs of Dover.
de Koven, Mrs. Reginald, The Life and Letters of John Paul Jones, 2 vols. (New York, 1913). Jones’ comment about d’Estaing’s loyalty to the king, quoted on page 15, supra, is taken from this work.
DeSaussure, Wilmot G., The Names, as far as can be ascertained of the Officers who served in the South Carolina Regiments of the Continental Establishment. See Year Book—1893. City of Charleston, So. Ca., 208–237.
Dictionary of American Biography, 20 vols. (New York, 1928—1936).
Dictionary of National Biography, 63 vols. (London, 1885–1900). Neither this nor any other standard biographical work in England contains a sketch of Colonel John Maitland.
Douglas, Sir Robert, The Peerage of Scotland. As revised by John Philip Wood, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1813, 2nd. ed.).
Elbert, Samuel, “Order book of Samuel Elbert, Colonel and Brigadier General in the Continental Army, October 1776, to November, 1778,” in Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, V, Part 2 (Savannah, 1902). The original is in the Georgia Historical Society.
Elzas, Barnett A., The Jews of South Carolina From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (Philadelphia, 1905). Contains information about Jewish participants in the Siege of Savannah.
Gamble, Thomas. The Gamble Scrapbooks in the Savannah Public Library include the accounts of the Siege contributed by Mr. Gamble to the Savannah Press and Savannah Morning News during the period of the sesquicentennial of the event. A newspaper clipping inserted by Mr. Gamble in one of these Scrapbooks states that the “Grenadiers’ Marching Song” was composed in commemoration of the part played by the Sixtieth or Royal American Regiment at Savannah. Correspondence by the author with the Director of the Music Room of the British Museum and research elsewhere in England fails to substantiate this claim. A compilation of fife music in 1805 mentions “The Georgia Grenadiers’ March” by a Mr. Alexander.
Garden, Alexander, Anecdotes of the American Revolution (Charleston, 1828); and Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War in America (Charleston, 1822).
Gardiner, Asa Bird, The Order of the Cincinnati in France (Newport, 1905). Considerable information about the French participants in the Siege of Savannah is found in this work. In a number of instances, however, it is unreliable as to who served or did not serve there.
Gibbes, Robert W., Documentary History of the American Revolution; consisting of Letters and Papers relating to the Contest for Liberty, chiefly in South Carolina, 3 vols. (New York, 1853–1857).
Gilman, Caroline, ed., Letters of Eliza Wilkinson (New York, 1839). A contemporary description of General Lincoln is found in one of the letters.
Gordon, William, The History of the Rise, Progress, and Establishment, of the Independence of the United States of America, 3 vols. (New York, 1789).
Gordon, William W., “Count Casimir Pulaski” in The Georgia Historical Quarterly (Savannah, 1917), XIII (September, 1929), pp. 169–227.
Gregg, Alexander, History of the Old Cheraws. . . . (Columbia, S. C., 1925 ed.). Contains excerpts from Reverend Evan Pugh’s diary concerning the memorial sermon for those killed at Savannah on October 9th.
Remains of Major-General Nathanael Greene, The, A Report to the General Assembly of Rhode Island (Providence, 1903).
Harden, William, A History of Savannah and South Georgia, 2 vols. (Chicago and New York, 1913).
Heitman, Francis B., Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army During the War of the Revolution (Washington, D. C., 1893). In the back of this book is a list of the officers who served in America with the French armies.
Hough, Franklin B., ed., The Siege of Savannah, by the Combined American and French Forces, under the Command of Gen. Lincoln, and the Count d’Estaing, in the Autumn of 1779 (Albany, N. Y., 1866).
Howe, Robert, “Proceedings of a General Court Martial . . . the Trial of Major General Howe December 7, 1781,” in Collections of the New York Historical Society for the year 1879, pp. 217–311. The court martial grew out of the British capture of Savannah in December, 1778. The testimony is of value here by way of topographical and other information about Savannah.
James, William Dobein, A Sketch of the Life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion and a History of his Brigade (Charleston, 1821). Reprint by Continental Book Company of Marietta, Ga. (1948) with introduction by A. S. Salley.
Johnson, John Archibald, “Beaufort and the Sea Islands. Their History and Traditions.” A typewritten copy of this series of articles which appeared in the Beaufort County Republican in 1873 is in the Charleston Library Society.
Johnson, Joseph, Traditions and Reminiscences Chiefly of the American Revolution in the South (Charleston, 1851).
Johnson, William, Remarks, Critical and Historical, on an Article in the Forty-seventh Number of the North American Review, Relating to Count Pulaski (Charleston, 1825). A portion of this answer to Captain Bentalou’s article deals with the controversy that developed over the circumstances under which General Pulaski fell at Savannah.
Johnson, William, Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathanael Greene, Major General of the Armies of the United States, In the War of the Revolution, 2 vols. (Charleston, 1822).
Johnston, Edith Duncan, The Houstouns of Georgia (Athens, 1950).
Jones, Charles C., Jr., The History of Georgia, 2 vols. (Boston, 1883).
Jones, Charles C, Jr., History of Savannah, Ga. (Syracuse, 1890).
Jones, Charles C., Jr., “Casimir Pulaski.” Address delivered before the Georgia Historical Society. Collections of the Georgia Historical Society (Savannah, 1875), III, 385–410.
Keltie, John S., A History of the Scottish Highlands, Highland Clans and Highland Regiments, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1885).
Konopczynski, Wladyslaw, Casimir Pulaski. Translated from the Polish by Irena Makarewicz (Chicago, 1947). This biography contains a catalogue of the Pulaski papers in the Polish Roman Catholic Archives and Museum at Chicago. The work contains a reproduction of a French painting depicting the return of Pulaski’s riderless charger to the place where the Allied commanders were gathered after the battle.
Lebey Family History (typewritten) in Savannah Public Library. If six Lebey brothers fought at Savannah they were not members of any of the regular French regiments whose rosters have been examined by the author.
Lee, Henry, Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States (New York, 1870, revised edition).
Lefferts, Charles M., Uniforms of the American, British, French, and German Armies in the War of the American Revolution 1775–1783, edited by Alexander J. Wall (New York, 1926).
Léger, J. N., Haiti, Her History and Her Detractors (New York, and Washington, 1907).
Lodge, Henry Cabot, The Story of the Revolution, 2 vols. (New York, 1898). Cited because of the painting of the storming of the British lines on October 9, 1779.
Lossing, Benson J., The Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, 2 vols. (New York, 1852).
MacLean, J. P., An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlands in America Prior to the Peace of 1783 (Cleveland, 1900).
McCall, Hugh, The History of Georgia, Containing Brief Sketches of the Most Remarkable Events up to the Present Day, 2 vols. (Savannah, 1811, 1816).
McCrady, Edward, The History of South Carolina in the Revolution, 2 vols. (New York, 1902).
Mason, F. Van Wyck, Rivers of Glory (New York, 1942). Mr. Mason’s novel contains an interesting and colorful account of the Siege of Savannah, the research for which was based on orthodox sources only.
Meng, John Joseph, D’Estaing’s American Expedition 1778–1779 (New York, 1936). This pamphlet-size work presents the expedition only in outline.
Moore, Frank, ed., Diary of the American Revolution. From Newspapers and Original Documents, 2 vols. (New York, 1863). In addition to Anthony Stokes’ description of the Siege reprints of contemporary newspaper accounts of the event are found in this work.
Moultrie, William, Memoirs of the American Revolution, So far as it related to the States of North and South Carolina, and Georgia, 2 vols. (New York, 1802).
National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, The, 4 vols. (Philadelphia, 1835–1839). Sketches of Thomas Pinckney, Benjamin Lincoln and Lachlan McIntosh.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, The (Boston 1847–) VIII (1854), 189–190. Contains reminiscences about the French at Boston in 1778, including references to d’Estaing and Bougainville.
Pettengill, Ray W., Letters from America 1776–1779, Being Letters of Brunswick, Hessian, and Waldeck Officers with the British Armies During the Revolution (Boston and New York, 1924). This work is a translation of letters published in Schlözer’s Briefwechsel, meist Historischen und politischen inhalts, 10 vols. (Göttingen, 1776—1782).
Pinckney, Rev. Charles Cotesworth, Life of General Thomas Pinckney (Boston and New York, 1895).
Preston, John Hyde, Revolution 1776 (New York, 1933).
Ramsay, David, The History of the Revolution of South-Carolina, from a British Province to an Independent State, 2 vols. (Trenton, 1785).
Ribaut, Jean. The Whole & True Discouerye of Terra Florida (Deland, 1927). A facsimile reprint of the London edition of 1563.
Richardson, John, letter written by on March 15, 1779, from “Savannah River in Georgia on Board the Vengeance,” The American Historical Review, VII (1902), 293–294. Richardson was a British privateersman.
Russell, Peter, “The Siege of Charleston; Journal of Captain Peter Russell, December 25, 1779, to May 2, 1780.” The American Historical Review, IV (1899), 478–501. Captain Russell who was at Savannah on February 3–4th, 1780, visited the British works at Spring Hill.
Sabine, Lorenzo, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution, 2 vols. (Boston, 1864).
Salley, A. S., Jr., The History of Orangeburg County, South Carolina (Orangeburg, 1898).
Salley, A. S., Jr., ed., Journal of the Commissioners of the Navy of South Carolina July 22, 1779—March 23, 1780 (Columbia, S. C., 1913).
Savannah Morning News, October 9th, 1879. A special edition on this date was entirely devoted to the Siege of Savannah. It featured a lengthy account by C. C. Jones, Jr., which was largely a rewrite of the chapters on the subject in his History of Savannah, Ga. and his History of Georgia.
Skelly, Francis, “Journal of Brigade Major F. Skelly.” Edited by Charles C. Jones, Jr., in Magazine of American History (New York, 1877–1893), XXVI (1891), 152–154, 392–393. The journal covers the period of the British raid on Charlestown in 1779 during which Skelly had “the pleasure” of serving under Colonel Maitland in the Seventy-First Regiment.
Skinner, Allan Maclean, Sketch of the Military Services of Lieutenant-General Skinner and his Sons (Stafford, 1863).
Sparks, Jared, The Library of American Biography, 25 vols. (Boston, 1834–1848), IV. Sketch of General Casimir Pulaski. Francis Bowen’s biography of Benjamin Lincoln is in Vol. XIII (2nd. series, 1847).
Stedman, Charles, The History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of the American War, 2 vols. (London, 1794). Stedman, who served in the British army in the Revolution, was a warm admirer of Colonel Maitland.
Stevens, William Bacon, A History of Georgia, from its First Discovery by Europeans to the Adoption of the Present Constitution in MDCCXCVIII, 2 vols. (New York, Philadelphia, 1847, 1859).
Stewart, David, Sketches of the Character, Manners, and Present State of the Highlanders of Scotland: With Details of the Military Service of the Highland Regiments, 2 vols. (Edinburgh, 1882).
Stone, Edwin Martin, Our French Allies (Providence, 1884).
Story, D. A., The de Lanceys, A Romance of a Great Family (London, 1931).
Uhlendorf, Bernard A., The Siege of Charleston With an Account of the Province of South Carolina: Diaries and Letters of Hessian Officers From the von Jungkenn Papers in the William L. Clements Library (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1938).
Watson, Elkhannah, Men and Times of the Revolution or Memoirs of Elkhannah Watson (New York, 1861, 2nd. ed.). Watson visited Savannah in 1778 when the Americans were in possession of the town.
Weems, M. L., The Life of Gen. Francis Marion (Philadelphia, 1809).
White, George, Historical Collections of Georgia (New York, 1854).
White, George, Statistics of the State of Georgia (Savannah, 1849).
Wilkes, Laura E., Missing Pages in American History Revealing the Services of Negroes in the Early Wars in the United States of America 1641–1815 (Washington, 1919).
Williams, Henry, An Address Delivered on Laying the Corner Stone of a Monument to Pulaski in the City of Savannah, October 11, 1853 (Savannah, 1855). This pamphlet includes a paper written by William P. Bowen, Sr., about Pulaski’s burial place and contains documents supporting his contention that General Pulaski died at Greenwich plantation and was buried there. The other side of the issue is presented by the Rev. Father Mitchell in the Savannah Press on August 19, 1929, in an article entitled “Savannah’s Unknown Soldier.”
Wilson, Adelaide, Historic and Picturesque Savannah (Boston, 1889).
Year Book—1885. City of Charleston, So. Ca., 344–345. Brief account of German Fusiliers of Charleston at the Siege of Savannah.
MAPS
British:
“Plan of Attack and the Fortifications at Savannah in the Revolution as described by Capt. A. C. Wylly, who was present.” John S. Bowen, Del. (1779?). 17½ × 19¼ inches. De Renne Collection, University of Georgia. Alexander Campbell Wylly was an officer in the King’s Rangers. Following a lengthy exile, during which he became Royal Governor of New Providence, he returned to Georgia, where he died in 1833.
“Plan of the French and American Siege of Savannah in Georgia in South [sic] America under command of the French Gener. Count D’Estaing The Britt: Commander in the Town was General August Prevost.” A photolithograph is in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection. This map was reproduced in Jones’ History of Georgia and also in The Siege of Savannah, in 1779, as Described in Two Contemporaneous Journals of French Officers in the Fleet of Count d’Estaing. The map is believed to have been of Hessian origin.
“Plan of the Town of Savannah, With the Works constructed for its Defence, Together with the Approaches & Batteries of the Enemy, and the Joint Attack of the French and Rebels on the 9th of October 1779. From a Survey by John Wilson, 71st Regt., Asst. Engineer.’’ Clinton Map No. 325. 37½ × 28½ inches (Original in color). The legend contains Moncrief’s signature. The map is in the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan. It is reproduced as an endpaper in this book.
“Plan of the Siege of Savannah, with the joint Attack of the French and Americans on the 9th October 1779.” Engraved for Stedman’s The History of the Origin, Progress, and Termination of the American War, op. cit.
French:
Map prepared by the French engineer, Captain Antoine O’Connor, showing the British and Franco-American lines and route of the attacking Allied columns. It contains a detailed legend. A copy is in the Library of the Service Hydrographique de la Marine, Paris. It is reproduced as an endpaper in this book.
Map by O’Connor showing lines and the various phases of the French retreat from Savannah. Library of the Service Hydrographique de la Marine, Paris.
Manuscript map in the Public Library of the City of Boston showing the operations at the Siege of Savannah in 1779 by the French and American forces with names and data in French. 15½ × 23⅞ inches. This map is the same as the first of the O’Connor maps mentioned above.
“Caroline Meridionale et Partie de la Georgie,” a map illustrating the coast of Georgia and the operations at the Siege of Savannah. 24¼ × 21⅝ inches. It is in the Public Library of the City of Boston.
The following French maps relating to the Siege of Savannah are in the Karpinski Collection in the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor:
No. 256. Showing lines of the siege of Savannah and apparently based on O’Connor’s maps referred to above.
No. 409. Similar to No. 256.
No. 432. Same except as to size.
No. 559. Map of entrance to Savannah River showing depths, October, 1779. Prepared by “Mr. le Ce. de Chastenet Puisegur.”
No. 747. A rough sketch of the lines and the environs of Savannah containing O’Connor’s name.