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table of contents
- Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991.
- Baudelaire, Charles. Correspondance générale. Ed. Jacques Crépet. Paris: Conard, 1947.
- ——— . The Letters of Charles Baudelaire to His Mother, 1833-1866. Trans. Arthur Symons. New York: Haskell House Publishers, Ltd., 1971.
- Birkett, Mary Ellen, and Christopher Rivers, eds. Approaches to Teaching Duras’s Ourika. New York: Modern Language Association, 2009.
- Blachère, Jean-Claude. Le Modèle Nègre: Aspects littéraires du mythe primitiviste au XXe siècle chez Apollinaire, Cendrars, Tzara. Dakar: Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1981.
- Boulle, Pierre H., and Sue Peabody. Le Droit des noirs en France au temps de l’esclavage: Textes choisis et commentés. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2015.
- Chalaye, Sylvie. Nègres en images. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2002.
- Cohen, William B. The French Encounter with Africans: White Response to Blacks, 1530-1880. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
- Crais, Clifton C., and Pamela Scully. Sara Baartman and the Hottentot Venus: A Ghost Story and a Biography. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
- Cuvier, Georges. “Extrait d’observations faites sur le cadaver d’une femme connue à Paris et à Londres sous le nom de Vénus hottentotte.” Mémoires du Muséum d’histoire naturelle 3 (1817): 259-74.
- Debrunner, Hans. Presence and Prestige, Africans in Europe: A History of Africans in Europe before 1918. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 1979.
- De Groot, Joanna. “‘Sex’ and ‘Race’: The Construction of Language and Image in the Nineteenth Century.” In Sexuality and Subordination: Interdisciplinary Studies of Gender in the Nineteenth Century, eds. Susan Mendus and Jane Rendall. New York: Routledge, 1989.
- De Raedt, Thérèse. “Ourika: L’Inspiration de Mme. de Duras.” Dalhousie French Studies 73 (Winter 2005): 19-33.
- Duras, Claire de Durfort, Duchesse de. Ourika. Trans. John Fowles, intro. Joan DeJean and Margaret Waller. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1994.
- Fuentes, Marisa J. Dispossessed Lives: Enslaved Women, Violence, and the Archive. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016.
- Gautier, Arlette. Les Sœurs de solitude: La Condition féminine dans l’esclavage aux Antilles du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Paris: Caribéennes, 1985.
- Gilman, Sander L. “Black Bodies, White Bodies: Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality in Late Nineteenth-Century Art, Medicine, and Literature.” Critical Inquiry 12, no. 1 (Autumn 1985): 204-42.
- Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.
- Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
- Hoffmann, Léon-François. Le Nègre romantique: Personnage littéraire et obsession collective. Paris: Payot, 1973.
- Lafont, Anne. “Madeline.” In Le Modèle noire: De Géricault à Matisse. Paris: Museé d’Orsay/Flammarion, 2019.
- Lowe, Kate. “The Stereotyping of Black Africans in Renaissance Europe.” In Black Africans in Renaissance Europe, ed. T. F. Earle and K. J. P. Lowe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Colonial Context. New York: Routledge, 1995..
- McCloy, Shelby T. The Negro in France. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1961.
- Miller, Christopher L. The French Atlantic Triangle: Literature and Culture of the Slave Trade. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.
- Munford, Rebecca. “Re-Presenting Charles Baudelaire/Re-Presenting Jeanne Duval: Transformations of the Muse in Angela Carter’s ‘Black Venus.’” Forum for Modern Language Studies 40, no. 1 (2004): 1-13.
- Palmer, Jennifer L. Intimate Bonds: Family and Slavery in the French Atlantic. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016.
- Pasinetti, P. M. “The ‘Jeanne Duval’ Poems in Les Fleurs du Mal.” Yale French Studies 2 (1948): 112-18.
- Peabody, Sue, and Tyler Edward Stovall. The Color of Liberty: Histories of Race in France. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.
- Pichois, Claude. “A Propos des ‘Yeux de Berthe’ du nouveau sur Jeanne Duval?” In Baudelaire: Études et témoignages. Neuchâtel: La Balconnière, 1967.
- Prasad, Pratima. Colonialism, Race, and the French Romantic Imagination. New York: Routledge, 2009.
- Richon, Emmanuel. Jeanne Duval et Charles Baudelaire: Belle d’abondon. Paris: L’Harmattan, 1999.
- Sabran, Eléonore, and Stanislas-Jean de Boufflers. La Comtesse de Sabran et le Chevalier de Boufflers: La Promesse, correspondance, 1786-1787, ed. Sue Carrell. Paris: Tallandier, 2010.
- Sepinwall, Alyssa Goldstein. “The Specter of Saint-Domingue: American and French Reactions to the Haitian Revolution.” In The World of the Haitian Revolution, eds. Norman Fiering and David Geggus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.
- Sharpley-Whiting, T. Denean. “Black Blood, White Masks, and Négresse Sexuality in de Pons’s Ourika, l’africaine.” In Black Venus: Sexualized Savages, Primal Fears, and Primitive Narratives in French. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.
- Smalls, James. “Slavery Is a Woman: ‘Race,’ Gender, and Visuality in Marie Benoist’s Portrait d’une négresse (1800).” Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture 3, no. 1 (Spring 2004). https://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/spring04index?id=178.
- Tillotson, Victoria P. “A Materialist Feminist Reading of Jeanne Duval: Prostitution and Sexual Imperialism from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present Day.” In Materialist Feminism: A Reader in Class, Difference, and Women’s Lives, ed. Rosemary Hennessy and Chrys Ingraham. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Selected Bibliography
Students interested in pursuing themes or questions posed in this Resource for Readers are encouraged to explore the numerous sources included on this list. This brief Bibliography represents a fraction of those Vénus Noire relied upon; yet, those included here provide a strong foundation of contextual information on the topics examined by Mitchell.