index

Note: Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

abjection: Gubar on, 213n19

Halperin on, 110–11

Kristeva on, 108–10, 113

“able-bodiedness,” 71–72, 179

Adeyemi, Kemi, 188

adolescence, 28–29, 33, 137

“awkward,” 55–56

emergence of, 30, 48, 64–65, 199n1

etymology of, 5, 200n12

functions of, 6–7

idea of, 5–8, 23–24, 101–2, 105–6

“identity crisis” of, 64, 91–92, 204n72

Kristeva on, 113

logic of, 5–8, 66, 194

meanings of, 7–8, 30–34

“plasticity” of, 73–75, 119–20, 213n17

as state of limbo, 108

“turbulence” of, 6, 21

Western notions of, 207n5. See also categories of age

Adolescence (Hall), 5, 30, 44–46, 57, 64–67, 82

adolescent drivers, 126–29, 127, 128, 150, 153, 155–56, 215n57

adolescent readers, xv–xvi, 99–108, 176

Hall on, xv, 115–17, 121, 167

Montgomery on, 114–15, 116, 117. See also young adult literature

adolescents: at-risk, 150

“bad,” 149–56, 165, 166, 182

children versus, 8–9, 39, 81, 113, 166

“citizenship” of, 70–71

gifted, 153–54

immigrants and, 204n61

pregnant, 150, 155

rebellious, 101–2, 147–48, 161

suicide among, 151–54, 161–62

agency, 17, 74–75

of children, 175–76, 177

of infants, 139–40

as intra-activity, 177

learned helplessness and, 154–55

of matter, 20, 139–40

as relational, 177–78

AIDS/HIV, 21

Alcott, Louisa May, 120, 214n41

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 120–21, 214n41

Allstate Insurance, 126–28, 127, 128, 150, 153

American Social Hygiene Association, 84

Anne of Green Gables (Montgomery), 113–15, 116–18, 167

anorexia, 165

apocalyptic fear, 28

Ariès, Philippe, 38

Aristotle, 67

Aronson, Marc, 112

“arrested development,” 54, 55, 76, 77, 92

Austin, J. L., 17

Barad, Karen, xvi, 139

on “apparatus,” 5, 196n13

on “ethics of entanglement,” 193

on performativity, 19–20, 23

on “relationalities of becoming,” 179

on relativity theory, 25

on subjectivity, 177–78, 180

Bardwell, Keith, 58–59

Baxter, Kent, 199n1, 203n58, 206n108

Beatty, Stephen, 93–94

Bell Jar, The (Plath), 106–8, 122–23, 213n15

Bening, Annette, 93

Bernstein, Robin, 58–59, 68

Racial Innocence, 15–16, 204n61

“biogenetic law,” 52

biopolitics, 189

Edelman on, 206n99

Foucault on, 6, 57

of neoliberalism, 190

birth control, 87–88

Bornstein, Kate, 131, 168–69, 178

Hello, Cruel World, 156–57, 159–61, 163–66, 164, 165, 170, 176

on sexuality, 173–74

Bradley, Francis Herbert, 183

Bradley, Michael J., 150

Breslow, Jacob, 70, 79

Brexit, 185, 188

Burke, Joseph, 39, 202n35

Butler, Judith, 68, 132–33, 137–38

on autonomy as relationality, 173

on fantasy, 1, 174–75

Gender Trouble, 11, 17–18

on performativity, 19–20, 22

on queer theory, 179–80

Undoing Gender, 212n13

Byron, Lord, 120

Cambridge Analytica, 189

Canova, Antonio, 34

Carlsen, G. Robert, 108–11, 213n17

Case of Peter Pan, The (Rose), 9–13

Castañeda, Claudia, 32, 139–40

on children’s status, 138

on developmentalism, 53, 58, 72

on intersectionality, 204n61

on Spencer, 205n84

on subjectivity, 176–77, 178

on Western notions of adolescence, 207n5

Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 103–6, 108, 112

categories of age, 9, 32–33, 81, 100–102

functions of, 140

Hall on, 67

Kincaid on, 68, 166–67, 168

Macaulay on, 183

performative effects of, 14–22, 55–56, 100, 111, 132

relationality of, 137, 148–49

Rose on, 2–3, 68

Sánchez-Eppler on, 196n21

Sheldon on, 138

Springhall on, 199n1, 207n108

Steedman on, 32–33

Twenge on, 156

Wheeler on, 36–38, 37. See also adolescence

Cheney, Lynne, 187

child abuse, 141, 143, 145, 167–68

Kincaid on, 12, 197n32

Stockton on, 208n21

“child trouble,” 8–14

childhood, 32–33

“difference model” of, 176

“plasticity” of, 73–74

racial notions about, 15–16, 68, 204n61, 208n21

Sánchez-Eppler on, 196n21

Steedman on, 32

theories of, 14–15, 72. See also categories of age

“childism,” 137

children, 144

adolescents versus, 8–9, 39, 81, 113, 166

agency of, 175–76, 177

gifted, 13, 142–49, 158

“good,” 141–49, 160

Lombroso on, 77–78

as “priceless,” 68, 208n18

suicide among, 151

children’s literature, 102, 112, 193

Gubar on, 3, 9–10

queer theory and, 100

Rose on, 2, 9–10, 109

Chinn, Sarah, 27, 80–82, 204n61

climatic theories of development, 75–76

Cohen, Albert K., xii–xiii

Colebrook, Claire, 57

colonialism, 31, 40–44, 54–55

Columbine (Colo.) shootings, 79, 118

conformity, 6, 72, 75–77, 80

Dobson on, 130, 133–34, 159–60

Erikson on, 91

Talbot on, 94

Conway, Kellyanne, 185, 188

Cordell, Ryan, 200n4

critical race studies, 138, 193

Cvetkovich, Ann, 162–63

Darwin, Charles, 49, 52–53, 113, 205n83. See also evolution

Dean, James, 101, 101–2

DeLuzio, Crista, 204n61

depression, 150, 158

Cvetkovich on, 162

Miller on, 142, 143

rates of, 154–56

Talbot on, 93

Derrida, Jacques, 17, 186, 187

developmentalism, 26–27, 53–54, 95

of Castañeda, 53, 58, 72

climatic theories of, 75–76

definitions of, xiv, 32

deviance and, 74–75

of Hall, 5, 46–47, 116–17

heterosexuality and, 76

logic of, xv, 32–33, 46, 49, 72

race and, xv, 54–55, 78–81

representationalism versus, 38–41

of Spencer, 52, 53, 205nn83–84

deviance, 70, 74–75

delinquency and, 67, 78, 82, 88, 91, 138

Sanger on, 88

Stout on, 81–82

Talbot on, 77

Dinesen, Isak, 103–4, 108

“disability,” 71–72, 179

Dobson, James, 124–26, 129–31, 153, 159–60

Dollimore, John, 183–84

Duane, Anna Mae, 16, 137, 193

Dunn, Robert, 72

Edelman, Lee, 13

on biopolitics, 206n99

No Future, 11–14, 60

on “reproductive futurism,” 57–58, 74, 90, 113–14, 122

Einstein, Albert, 25

endocrinology, 73, 74, 78, 78

entanglement, 23, 68, 169, 205n76

autonomy and, 140, 148, 149

dependency and, 136–37, 143

ethics of, 140, 144–45, 166, 175–81, 193

Epstein, Robert, x, 155

Erikson, Erik, 64, 91–92, 204n72, 211n72

Ernst, David, 221n16

ethics: of entanglement, 140, 144–45, 166, 175–81, 193

of futurity, 55–62

of relationality, 20, 136–40, 144, 169, 173, 181

sexual, 172–73

eugenics, 73–74, 87–88, 90

biopolitics and, 189

sex education and, 84, 95

evolution, 78

Darwin on, 49, 52–53, 205n83

Hall on, 49–53

Spencer on, 52, 53, 205nn83–84

Fabian, Johannes, 53, 67, 205n83

Felski, Rita, 3–4, 186

feminism, 77, 138, 193

“childism” and, 137

queer theory and, 132, 213n20

Sanger and, 87–88

feminist science studies, xvi, 140, 186

Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 106–8

Fitzpatrick, Cat, 170–71

Focus on the Family (organization), 124–25

Foucault, Michel, 38, 87, 186, 187

on biopolitics, 6, 57

on historicity, 32, 48

The History of Sexuality, 16–17, 179, 196n17, 214n47

on homosexuality, 45

The Order of Things, 24, 47

on representationalism, 38

on suicide, 121, 122

fracking, 139–40

Frank, E. R., 133–34

Freccero, Carla, 25–26, 184

Freeman, Elizabeth, 47–48, 54

Freud, Sigmund, 6, 54, 76, 77

Fuel Project blog, 220n16

“futurism, reproductive,” 57–58, 74, 90, 113–14, 122

futurity, 14, 70, 113, 142–43

ethics of, 55–62

normative, 74. See also temporality

gangs, 150. See also juvenile delinquency

gender, 67–70

performativity of, 179–80

“plasticity” of, 73–75, 119–20, 213n17

sexuality and, 27, 173–74. See also transgender

gender roles, 93, 159–60

gender studies, 9, 132–33

Gender Trouble (Butler), 11, 17–18

Gibson, Lindsay C., 143–44, 159

Giffney, Noreen, 58

Gilbert, Jen, 170, 174

Gillis, John R., 206n108

Gill-Peterson, Jules, 73, 90, 93, 171, 193, 205n76

Giroux, Henry, 163, 191

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 121

Goldberg, Jonathan, 25

Gould, Stephen Jay, 51

graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws, 129, 215n57

Graham, Philip, x, 151, 154–55, 175

Gubar, Marah, 3–4, 15–16, 175–76, 186

on abjection, 213n19

on agency, 175–76, 177

on children’s literature, 3, 9–10

on Golden Age histories, 15

“kinship model” of, 176, 193

on theorizing childhood, 14–15

Hacking, Ian, 45

on deviance, 198n65

on suicide, 214n47

Haeckel, Ernst, 50–52

Halberstam, Jack, 60

Hall, G. Stanley, xiii–xiv, 30–31, 41, 46–55

Adolescence, 5, 30, 44–46, 57, 64–67, 82

on adolescent readers, xv, 115–17, 121, 167

career of, 24–25

as “creator” of adolescence, 30, 199n1

developmentalism of, 5, 46–47, 116–17

on epistemology, 220n4

on evolution, 49–53

historicism of, 67

on humanism, 71

Mead and, 21, 203n58

Montgomery and, 113

Portman and, 119–20

racial notions of, 50, 71–73

on scientific epistemology, 66–67

on “super-fetation,” 116–17, 126

Halperin, David, 110–11

Haraway, Donna, 192–93

Harris, Eric, 79

hate speech, 220n16

Hello, Cruel World (Bornstein), 156–57, 159–61, 163–66, 164, 165, 170, 176

Herford, M. E. M., 82

“hermeneutic of the self,” 7, 196n17

“hermeneutics of suspicion,” 3

historicism, 26

of Hall, 67

of Mandelbaum, 32, 47–49. See also developmentalism

historicity, 32, 48

History of Sexuality, The (Foucault), 16–17, 179, 196n17, 214n47

homosexuality, 55, 74

Foucault on, 45

Freud on, 6, 54, 76, 77

marriage and, 92–93

prostitution and, 76, 89. See also queer theory

“How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay” (Sedgwick), 14

How You Grow (pamphlet), 85–86

Huang, Carita Constable, 208n18

Humane Society, 69

humanism, 71, 139, 178

Hunter, T. A. A., 82

identity, 21, 91–98

Erikson on, 64, 91–92, 204n72, 211n72

identity politics, 5, 68–80

social justice and, 137–38

“illiterate reading,” 99, 103, 108

immigrants, 80–81, 192, 204n61

intersectionality, 8, 20, 67–74, 204n61

Joyce, James, 106–8

juvenile delinquency, 67, 82, 138, 150

Erikson on, 91

Sutherland on, 78, 88

Kett, Joseph, 35–36, 199n1, 200n3

Kidd, Kenneth, 100

Kincaid, James R., 10–13

on categories of age, 68, 166–67, 168

on child abuse, 12, 197n32

Kinsey Report, 78

kinship model, 176, 193

Kirkpatrick, E. A., 115

Klebold, Dylan, 79

Koch, Robert, 96

Kohn, Alfie, 158–59, 162–63, 166

Unconditional Parenting, 141–43, 147, 149

Krafft-Ebing, Richard von, 6, 54

Kristeva, Julia, 95, 97

on abjection, 108–10, 113

on adolescence, 113

queer theory and, 213n20

on writing, 134–35

Lancaster, E. G., 115

Latour, Bruno, 185–86, 190, 192

learned helplessness, 154–55

Lesko, Nancy, 48, 204n61

Lesnik-Oberstein, Karín, 193, 197n37

Limits of Critique, The (Felski), 3–4, 186

Little Women (Alcott), 120, 214n41

Lombroso, Cesare, 77–78, 210n44

Lorde, Audre, 163

Lost and Delirious (film), 195n3

Lowenfeld, Margaret, 63–64, 95–97

Macaulay, Rose, 183

Males, Mike, x–xi, 152–54

Mandelbaum, Maurice, 32, 47–49

marriage, 60, 76, 89

interracial, 167–68

same-sex, 92–93

Martin, Trayvon, 79

McIntyre, Lee, 184–85, 186, 187, 188, 190

Mead, Margaret, 21, 203n58

Medical Women’s Federation, 89

Medovoi, Leerom, 211n72

Menon, Madhavi, 25

Miller, Alice, 13, 142–49, 158, 159

Miller, Martin, 145–48, 216n24

Miller, Washington Daniel, 40

Monroe, James, 41–42

Montgomery, Lucy Maud, 113–15, 116–18, 167

Moran, Jeffery P., 199n1

Mothers’ Union, 89

Muñoz, José Esteban, 60–61

Musgrove, Frank, xi–xiii, 155

Napoleon Bonaparte, 41, 202n43

nationalism, 31, 40–43, 54–55

nature/nurture debates, 22, 139–40

neoliberalism, 162–63, 189, 191

bio-politics of, 190

Bornstein on, 169

Neubauer, John, 199n1

Newman, Lawrence, 74

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 91

No Future (Edelman), 11–14, 60

Oates, Joyce Carol, 118–19

obedience, 141

Odlum, Doris M., 75–76, 86–87, 97–98, 209n34

Order of Things, The (Foucault), 24, 47

“paranoid reading,” 3–4

parenting, 80–91, 141–50

Parkland (Fla.) shootings, 149

Pasteur, Louis, 96

Pavonetti, Linda M., 104

pedophilia, 12, 167–68, 197n32

performativity, 4, 13, 22–24, 27, 31

Barad on, 19–20, 23

Butler on, 19–20, 22, 179–80

categories of age and, 14–22, 55–56, 100, 111, 132

definitions of, 19

Kincaid on, 12

Sedgwick on, 17–19, 21

“Periods of Human Life, The,” 36–38, 37

“perverse reading,” 2, 100, 115

phrenology, 72

Plath, Aurelia, 106, 213n15

Plath, Sylvia, 121

The Bell Jar, 106–8, 122–23, 212n14

Porter, Elizabeth, 149

Portman, Frank, 119

“post-truth,” 184–85

Pout, Muriel, 85–86

Preparing for Adolescence (Dobson), 124–26, 129–31, 153, 159–60

Pricing the Priceless Child (Zelizer), 208n18

prostitution, 76, 88, 89, 138

Prout, Alan, 13

Psychology of Adolescence, The (Odlum), 75–76, 86–87, 97–98, 209n34

puberty, 74–75

Dobson on, 125

onset of, xi, 195n6, 209n36

Springhall on, 35

queer possibility, 131–35

queer theory, 60, 102, 138

in age of alternative facts, 182–94

Butler on, 179–80

children’s literature and, 100

Kristeva and, 213n20

methods of, 1–4, 22–29, 194

of selfhood, 94. See also homosexuality

“queer time,” 60–61

race, 67–70, 192, 209n36

childhood and, 15–16, 68, 204n61, 208n21

climatic theories of, 75–76

critical studies of, 138, 193

developmentalism and, xv, 54–55, 78–81

eugenics and, 87–88

Hall’s notions of, 50, 71–73

Racial Innocence (Bernstein), 15–16, 204n61

Radcliffe, Ann, 121

Read, C. Stanford, 82

reading: “illiterate,” 99, 103, 108

“paranoid,” 3–4

“perverse,” 2, 100, 115. See also adolescent readers

Rebel without a Cause (film), 101–2

recapitulation theory, 50–52

relationality: agency as, 177

autonomy as, 173

of becoming, 6, 179

of categories of age, 137, 148–49

ethics of, 20, 136–40, 144, 169, 173, 181

representationalism, 20

definitions of, 197n35

developmentalism versus, 38–41

“reproductive futurism,” 57–58, 74, 90, 113–14, 122

Ricoeur, Paul, 3, 196n7

Rollo, Toby, 70

Rose, Jacqueline, 109, 132, 193

The Case of Peter Pan, 9–13

on categories of age, 2–3, 68

Russell, James E., 82

Salinger, J. D., 103–6, 108, 112

Sánchez-Eppler, Karen, 11, 15, 137, 196n21

Sanger, Margaret, 87–88

Scharlieb, Mary, 83 schizophrenia, 74

science studies, 9

feminist, , xvi, 140, 186

Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 1–2

on Butler, 17–18

on Foucault, 16–17

on gay identity, 21

“How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay,” 14

on paranoid reading, 3–4

on “perverse reading,” 100

on prison system, 192

on “reparative reading,” 192–93

Touching Feeling, 16–18, 61–62, 186

sex education, 80–91, 83, 95, 153, 169–76

Sex Is a Funny Word (Silverberg and Smyth), 169–76

“sexting,” 167

sexual ethics, 172–73

sexuality, 5, 6, 67–70, 166–75, 178

developmentalism and, 76

Foucault on, 16–17, 179, 196n17, 214n47

gender and, 27, 173–74

as hermeneutic of self, 196n17

Sheldon, Rebekah, xvii, 138–40, 189, 190, 191

Silverberg, Cory, 169–76

Smyth, Fiona, 169–76

social media, 150–51, 154

algorithms of, 189

Twenge on, 156

Solon (Athenian lawgiver), 38

“somatic capitalism,” xvii, 189

Somerville, Siobhan, 45–46

Spacks, Patricia Meyer, 199n1

Spencer, Herbert, 52, 53, 205nn83–84. See also evolution

Spicer, Sean, 185

Springhall, John: on categories of age, 207n108

on puberty, 35

STANDUP Act (2009), 127

Starr, Louis, 82, 211n60

Steedman, Carolyn, 16, 17, 198n50

on childhood, 32–33, 48

on developmentalism, 26

on evolution, 49

Strange Dislocations, 16, 17, 198n50, 204n69

Taylor and, 204n69

Stockton, Kathryn Bond, 60, 69–70, 208n21

Stopes, Marie, 211n62

Story of a Bad Boy, The (Aldrich), 120–21, 214n41

Stout, L. A., 81–82

Strange Dislocations (Steedman), 16, 17, 198n50, 204n69

subjectivity, 140

Barad on, 177–78, 180

Castañeda on, 176–77, 178

gendered, 6–7

normative conceptions of, 177

substance abuse, 150, 155, 165

suicide, 99, 150–58

among adolescents, 93, 151–54, 161–62

Bornstein on, 156–57

Foucault on, 121, 122

Hacking on, 214n47

medical protocols for, 163–64

Plath and, 107, 121

Sedgwick on, 1–2

among trans youth, 93

“superfetation,” 116–17, 126

Sutherland, Robert, 78, 88

Talbot, Eugene S., 77–78, 93–95, 210n44

Talbot, Margaret, 92–94

Taylor, Charles, 48–49, 204n69

teen pregnancy, 150, 155

temporality, 48–49, 51

progress and, 53–54

queer, 60–61

“reproductive futurism” and, 57–58, 74, 90, 113–14, 122. See also futurity

Thomson, Stephen, 197n37

Todd, Chuck, 188

Tomboy (film), 195n3

Touching Feeling (Sedgwick), 16–18, 61–62, 186

transgender, 5–7, 70, 73–76

Talbot on, 77, 93, 95. See also gender

transgender theory, 94, 132–33, 138

trauma, 146–47

Trites, Roberta Seelinger, 117–18

Trump, Donald, 184–85, 187–88, 221n16

immigration policies of, 192

Tucker, Theodore, 85–86

Turner, Patrick, 161

Twenge, Jean L., 154–56, 167, 217n48

Unconditional Parenting (Kohn), 141–43, 147, 149

Undoing Gender (Butler), 212n13

urbanization, 206n108

Viral Texts Project, 200n4

von Baer, Karl Ernst, 51

Walkerdine, Valerie, 32, 54, 66

Wall, John, 137, 166, 176, 193

Warner, Michael, 25, 172–73, 178

What Every Mother Should Tell Her Children (pamphlet), 84, 89

What Parents Should Tell Their Children (pamphlet), 82–84, 83

Wheeler, E. G., 36–38

Wheeler, Olive, 82

Williams, Patricia J., 79

Winner, Albertine, 76

Winnicott, Donald, 144

World War I, 89, 211n66

World War II, 91

young adult literature, xv–xvi, 103, 111–12, 133. See also adolescent readers

Zelizer, Viviana A., 208n18

Zimmerman, George, 79