Notes

ONE—The American Revolution

1. Thomas Jefferson (TJ) to Francis Eppes, 26 June 1775, in Julian P. Boyd, ed., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, 19 vols, to date (Princeton, N.J., 1950–), I, 174.

2. John Adams (JA) to James Lloyd, 29 March 1815, in Charles Francis Adams, ed., The Works of John Adams, 10 vols. (Boston, 1850–56), X, 149.

3. Benjamin Rush to JA, 17 February 1812, in John A. Schutz and Douglass Adair, eds., The Spur to Fame: Dialogues of John Adams and Benjamin Rush, 1805–1813 (San Marino, Calif., 1966), p. 211n.

4. Daniel Webster, A Discourse in Commemoration of the Lives and Services of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson … (Boston, 1826), p. 9.

5. TJ to Benjamin Rush, 16 January 1811, in Paul L. Ford, ed., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (New York, 1892–99), IX 295–96.

6. Adams, ed., Autobiography, Diary, Works, II, 430.

7. Ibid., p. 514.

8. See William Peden, “Thomas Jefferson: Book Collector,” (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1942); and Zoltán Haraszti, John Adams and the Prophets of Progress (Cambridge, Mass., 1952).

9. George A. Peek, Jr., ed., The Political Writings of John Adams (New York, 1954), p. 7. And see Wesley Frank Craven, The Legend of the Founding Fathers (New York, 1956), pp. 23–27.

10. Adams, ed., Diary, Works, II, 250.

11. JA To Mercy Warren, 8 January 1776, in Warren-Adams Letters, Being Chiefly a Correspondence among John Adams, and James Warren, 1743—1814, 2 vols. (Boston, 1917–25), I, 201–2.

12. Boyd, ed., Papers, II, 545–46.

13. Mercy Warren to JA, 27 August 1807, in Charles Francis Adams, ed., “Correspondence between John Adams and Mercy Warren,” Collections of the Masachusetts Historical Society, 5th series (1878), IV, 480.

14. JA to Mercy Warren, 25 November 1775, in Adams, ed., Works, IX, 368.

15. TJ to JA, 8 April 1816, in Lester J. Cappon, ed., The Adams-Jefferson Letters (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1959), p. 467.

16. JA to Abigail Adams, 3 August 1776, in Charles Francis Adams, ed., Familiar Letters of John Adams and His Wife Abigail Adams, During the Revolution (Boston, 1875), p. 207.

17. JA to Benjamin Rush, 27 February 1805, Schutz and Adair, eds., Spur to Fame, pp. 23–24.

18. Adams, ed., Diary, Works, II, 304, 63.

19. JA to Abigail Adams, 6 March 1777, Adams ed., Familiar Letters, p. 250.

20. JA to Abigail Adams, 18 August 1776, ibid., p. 214.

21. JA’s views are most fully expounded in the Novanglus series, included in Works, IV.

22. Adams, ed., Diary, Works, II, 311–13; JA to John Winthrop, 23 June 1776, ibid. IX, 409–10.

23. Lyman C. Butterfield, ed., The Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, 4 vols. (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), III, 282–83.

24. Adams, ed., Notes on Debates, Works, II, 499–500.

25. TJ’s work was written as proposed instructions for the Virginia delegates to the First Continental Congress and was published without his consent or ascription of authorship. The manuscript text may be found in Boyd, ed., Papers, I, 121–35. JA’s Novanglus essays were first published in the Boston Gazette, December 1774–April 1775, in rebuttal of the essays of Massachusettensis, the Loyalist Daniel Leonard. See Adams, ed., Works, IV 3–180.

26. Boyd, ed., Papers, I, 122–23.

27. Ibid., I, 134.

28. Quoted in G. H. Guttridge, English Whiggism and the American Revolution (Berkeley, Calif., 1942), p. 62.

29. JA to Mercy Warren, 8 January 1776, Warren-Adams Letters, I, 201; JA to Abigail Adams, 18 February 1776, Adams, ed., Familiar Letters, pp. 134–35.

30. TJ to John Randolph, 25 August 1775, Boyd, ed., Papers, I, 242.

31. Adams, ed., Autobiography, Works, II, 508.

32. JA to Mercy Warren, 20 May 1776, Warren-Adams Letters, I, 249.

33. JA to Timothy Pickering, 6 August 1822, Adams, ed., Works, II, 512–14n. See also TJ to James Madison, 30 August 1823, Ford, ed., Writings, X, 267.

34. Ibid.

35. Ibid. TJ to W. P. Gardner, 19 February 1813, ibid., IX, 277–78.

36. JA to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 420.

37. Thoughts on Government, in Peek, ed., Political Writings, p. 92.

38. TJ to Thomas Nelson, 16 May 1776, Boyd, ed., Papers, I, 292.

39. JA to Mercy Warren, 16 April 1776, Warren-Adams Letters, I, 221; to Benjamin Franklin, 27 July 1784, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 207–8; to James Warren, 17 July 1782, ibid., IX, 512; to Abigail Adams, 4 October 1776, Adams, ed., Familiar Letters, p. 231.

40. The Thoughts on Government may be conveniently found in Peek, ed., Political Writings, pp. 83–92. It is also in Adams, ed., Works, IV, 193–200.

41. JA to Samuel Adams, 10 October 1790, VI, 415.

42. Adams, ed., Defence of the American Constitutions, in Works, IV, 358; JA to Samuel Perley, 13 June 1809, ibid., IX, 621–24.

43. JA to Mercy Warren, 16 April 1776, Warren-Adams Letters, I, 222; to Joseph Hawley, 25 August 1776, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 433–35.

44. Adams Papers Microfilm, Miscellany (Massachusetts Historical Society); TJ to Peter Carr, 10 August 1787, Boyd, ed., Papers, XII, 14–15.

45. The three drafts of TJ’s proposed constitution, together with the text adopted by the convention, are in Boyd, ed., Papers, I, 328–86. A later draft constitution, of 1783, was published as an appendix in TJ’s Notes on the State of Virginia (London, 1787). See the edition by William Peden (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1954), pp. 109–22.

46. Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson (New York, 1959), p. 62.

47. TJ to Samuel Kercheval, 12 July 1816, Ford, ed., Writings, X, 37.

48. Adams, ed., Works, IV, 219–67, prints the constitution as reported and notes the changes made in the convention.

49. JA to James Sullivan, 26 May 1776, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 376.

50. Ibid.

51. JA to Benjamin Rush, 12 April 1809, ibid., IX, 618.

52. JA to Jebediah Morse, 29 November 1815, ibid., X, 182.

53. Philip S. Foner, The Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, 2 vols. (New York, 1945), I, 45.

TWO—The French Revolution

1. On the subject in general, see Gerald Stourzh, Benjamin Franklin and American Foreign Policy (Chicago, 1954); Felix Gilbert, To the Farewell Address (New York, 1961); Merrill D. Peterson, “Thomas Jefferson and American Commercial Policy, 1783–1793,” in Peterson, ed., Thomas Jefferson: A Profile (New York, 1967), pp. 104–34.

2. See, for example, JA to James Warren, 13 April 1783, Warren-Adams Letters, II, 209–12.

3. JA to James Warren, 9 April 1783, ibid., II, 206. On JA’s response to these events, see the discussion in John R. Howe, Jr., The Changing Political Thought of John Adams (Princeton, 1966), chap. 4.

4. JA to Robert R. Livingston, 5 February 1783, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 35–40.

5. JA to John Jay, 13 April 1785, ibid., VIII, 234.

6. James Madison to TJ, 11 February, 6 May 1783, and TJ to James Madison, 14 February 1783, Boyd, ed., Papers, VI, 235, 265, 241.

7. JA to Robert R. Livingston, 21 February 1782, Adams, ed., Works, VII 528.

8. TJ to Robert Walsh, 4 December 1818, in A. A. Lipscomb and A. E. Bergh, eds., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, 20 vols. (Washington, 1903), XV, 176.

9. TJ to Lafayette, 2 April 1790, Boyd, ed., Papers, XVI, 293. Cf. TJ to James Madison, 28 August 1789, ibid., XV, 367.

10. JA to James Warren, 27 August 1784, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 524.

11. TJ to James Madison, 30 January 1787, Boyd, ed., Papers, IX, 94–95.

12. Abigail Adams to Mrs. Cranch, 8 May 1785, in Charles Francis Adams, ed., Letters of Mrs. Adams, 2 vols. (Boston, 1848), II, 94.

13. Abigail Adams to TJ, 6 June 1785, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 28.

14. JA to TJ, 4 September 1785, ibid., p. 61.

15. JA to TJ, 3 October 1785, ibid., p. 77.

16. TJ to Abigail Adams, 21 June 1785, ibid., p. 34.

17. TJ to John Page, 4 May 1786, Boyd, ed., Papers, IX, 446.

18. Butterfield, ed., Diary and Autobiography, III, 186. For TJ’s “Notes of a Tour of English Gardens,” see Boyd, ed., Papers, IX, 369–75.

19. “Observations on Demeunier’s Manuscript,” 28 October 1785, Boyd, ed., Papers, X, 52; TJ to James Monroe, 17 June 1785, ibid., VIII, 233.

20. JA to Lafayette, 12 May 1782, Adams, ed., Works, VII, 593. For the general subject, see Edward Handler, America and Europe in the Political Thought of John Adams (Cambridge, Mass., 1961).

21. Adams, ed., Diary and Autobiography, Works, III, 171; TJ to Charles Bellini, 30 September 1785, and to Eliza House Trist, 18 August 1785, Boyd, ed., Papers, VIII, 568–69, 404.

22. TJ to Charles Bellini, 30 September 1785, ibid., VIII, 569.

23. JA to Abigail Adams, 12 April 1778, Adams, ed., Familiar Letters, p. 329.

24. TJ to James Madison, 20 September 1785, Boyd, ed., Papers, VIII, 535.

25. JA to Abigail Adams, 1780, Adams, ed., Familiar Letters, p. 381.

26. Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, 2 vols. (New York, 1968–69), II, 125.

27. JA to F. A. Van der Kemp, March 1804, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 380.

28. See the interesting character sketch in Mercy Warren, History of the Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution, 3 vols. (Boston, 1805), III, 176–77.

29. The full title is A Defence of the Constitutions of the Government of the United States of America against the attack of M. Turgot, in his letter to Dr. Price, dated the twenty-second of March, 1778. It may be found in Adams, ed., Works, IV–VI, though with certain changes in the original text.

30. Letters to John Taylor, ibid., VI 489–90. This was written in 1814, but see also JA to Richard Cranch, 15 January 1787, to Reverend De Walter, October 1797, and to F. A. Van der Kemp, 20 January 1800, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

31. JA to TJ, 28 October 1787, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 204.

32. TJ to JA, 23 February 1787, ibid., pp. 174–75. About the subsequent volumes Jefferson had little to say except to wish that Adams had addressed himself to the problems of republican confederations. It seems quite likely that Jefferson gave only cursory reading at best to the second and third volumes, the last being the boldest of the three.

33. TJ to Abigail Adams, 22 February 1787, ibid., p. 173.

34. See Peden, ed., Notes on Virginia, p. 120.

35. JA to F. A. Van der Kemp, 27 March 1790, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

36. TJ to William S. Smith, 13 November 1787, Boyd, ed., Papers, XII, 357.

37. TJ to JA, 13 November 1787, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 212.

38. JA to TJ, 6 December 1787, ibid., pp. 213–14.

39. TJ’s argument for a bill of rights is developed in letters to James Madison, 20 December 1787, 31 July 1788, and 15 March 1789, Boyd, ed., Papers, XII, 440, XIII, 442–43, XIV, 659–60.

40. JA to Richard Price, 19 April 1790, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 564.

41. TJ to JA, 28 September 1787, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 199–200.

42. JA to John Jay, 23 September 1787, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 454.

43. JA to TJ, 9 October 1787, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 202–3.

44. JA to Richard Price, 19 April 1790, Adams ed., Works, IX, 563.

45. The Spirit of the Laws, Walter Nugent, tr. (New York, 1949), 16. See the observations in Robert R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution, 2 vols., (Princeton, 1959–64), I, 26; and also JA to Samuel Adams, 18 October 1790, Adams, ed., Works, VI, 416–17.

46. TJ to Anne Willing Bingham, 11 May 1788, Boyd, ed., Papers, XIII, 151.

47. TJ to Francis Hopkinson, 8 May 1788, ibid., XIII, 145.

48. TJ to Edward Rutledge, 18 July 1788, ibid,, XIII, 378.

49. TJ to St. John de Crèvecoeur, 9 August 1788, ibid., XIII, 485–86.

50. TJ to JA, 5 December 1788, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 231–32.

51. “Draft of a Charter of Rights,” [3 June 1789], Boyd, ed., Papers, XV, 167–68.

52. Autobiography, p. 163.

53. TJ to John Jay, 17 June 1789, Boyd, ed., Papers, XV, 189.

54. TJ to Diodati, 3 August 1789, ibid., XV, 325.

55. Ibid., p. 326.

56. See William Short to TJ, 6 March 1787, ibid., XI, 239–40.

57. Joyce Appleby, “The Jefferson-Adams Rupture and the First French Translation of John Adams’ Defence,” American Historical Review, vol. 63 (1968), pp. 1084–91. See also, on Jefferson and Montesquieu, Merrill D. Peterson, “Thomas Jefferson and the Enlightenment: Reflections on Literary Influence,” Lex et Scientia, vol. XI (1975), pp. 89–127.

58. Autobiography, p. 114. See also Palmer, Democratic Revolution, I, chap. 15.

59. JA to Count Sarsfield, 16 September 1789, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

60. TJ to Lafayette, 2 April 1790, Boyd, ed., Papers, XVI, 293.

61. TJ to Diodati, 3 August 1789, ibid., XV, 326.

62. JA to George Washington, 17 May 1789, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 493. Cf. JA to James Lovell, 16 July 1789, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

63. Adams, ed., Autobiography, Works, III, 175.

64. TJ to James Madison, 29 June 1789, Boyd, ed., Papers, XV, 315–16.

65. JA to Benjamin Rush, 9 July 1789, in Alexander Biddle, ed., Old Family Letters (Philadelphia, 1892), pp. 37–38.

66. JA to F. A. Van der Kemp, 27 March 1790, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks; JA to Roger Sherman, 18, 20 July 1789, Adams, ed., Works, VI, 430–36.

67. Warren, History of the Revolution, III, 393.

68. Benjamin Rush, Autobiography, George W. Corner, ed., (Princeton, 1948), p. 143; TJ, Anas (4 February 1818), in Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., Writings, I, 279–80.

69. Ibid., pp. 270–71.

70. In Adams, ed., Works, VI, 228–403.

71. Ibid., p. 276.

72. William Maclay, Journal, E. S. Maclay, ed. (New York, 1890), p. 243.

73. Foner, ed., Writings of Paine, I, 339.

74. See the note in Ford, ed., Writings, V, 354n.

75. TJ to George Washington, 8 May 1791, ibid., V, 328–29.

76. TJ to JA, 17 July 1791, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 246.

77. JA to TJ, 29 July 1791, ibid., pp. 247–50.

78. TJ to JA, 30 August 1791, ibid., pp. 250–51.

79. TJ to Thomas Paine, 19 June 1792, Ford, ed., Writings, VI, 88.

80. TJ to George Mason, 4 February 1791, ibid., V, 274–75; TJ to Sir John Sinclair, 24 August 1791, Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., Writings, VIII, 231.

81. Quoted in Page Smith, John Adams, 2 vols. (New York, 1962), II, 833.

82. JA to Benjamin Rush, 10 October 1808, Schutz and Adair, eds., Spur to Fame, pp. 122–23.

83. See, for example, JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, 21 May 1821, in Worthington C. Ford, ed., Statesman and Friend: Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784–1822 (Boston, 1927), p. 155.

84. TJ, Anas (4 February 1818), Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., Writings, I, 279.

THREE—“The Revolution of 1800”

1. JA to Tristram Dalton, 19 January 1797, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

2. See Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., The Jeffersonian Republicans: The Formation of Party Organization, 1789–1801 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1957), pp. 97–98.

3. See Manning J. Dauer, The Adams Federalists (Baltimore, 1953).

4. TJ to David Howell, 14 November 1793, Jefferson Papers Microfilm, Library of Congress; to Tench Coxe, 1 May 1794, Ford, ed., Writings, VI, 507–8.

5. Quoted in Smith, John Adams, II, 846.

6. TJ to James Madison, 21 September 1795, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 32–33

7. TJ to James Madison, 27 April 1795, ibid., VII, 10.

8. JA to Abigail Adams, 14 January 1797, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

9. TJ to JA, 25 April 1794, and JA to TJ, 11 May 1794, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 253–55.

10. TJ to JA, 28 February 1796, ibid., p. 260.

11. TJ to James Madison, 17 December 1796, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 91–92.

12. James Madison to TJ, 19 December 1796, in Gaillard Hunt, ed., Writings of James Madison, 9 vols. (New York, 1900–1910), VI, 301–2; Benjamin Rush to TJ, 4 January 1797, Jefferson Papers Microfilm.

13. Alexander Hamilton to Rufus King, 15 February 1797, in Charles R. King, ed., Life and Correspondence of Rufus King, 6 vols. (New York, 1894–1900), II, 148.

14. TJ to JA, 28 December 1796, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 262–63.

15. TJ to James Madison, 1 January 1797, Ford, ed., Writings, V, 99.

16. James Madison to TJ, 15 January 1797, Hunt, ed., Madison Writings, VI, 302–4; TJ to James Madison, 30 January 1797, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 115–16.

17. Boston Patriot articles, 1809, in Adams, ed., Works, IX, 284–85.

18. Ibid., p. 286.

19. Anas (2 March 1797), Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., Writings, I, 415.

20. Adams, ed., Works, IX, 105–10.

21. Special Message, 16 May 1797, ibid., pp. 110–15.

22. TJ to Elbridge Gerry, 13 May 1797, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 121–22.

23. JA to Elbridge Gerry, 13 February 1797, to Oliver Wolcott, 27 October 1797, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 523, 559; and to Gerry, 3 May 1797, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

24. TJ to Elbridge Gerry, 13 May 1797, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 120.

25. JA to Tristram Dalton, 19 January 1797, and to Elbridge Gerry, 20 February 1797, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

26. TJ to Philip Mazzei, 24 April 1796, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 75–76.

27. Uriah Forrest to JA, June 1797, Adams Papers Microfilm; JA to Uriah Forrest, 20 June 1797, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 546–47.

28. Quoted in Smith, John Adams, II, 940.

29. TJ to Thomas Mann Randolph, 3 May 1798, Jefferson Papers Microfilm.

30. Adams, ed., Works, IX, 193, 202.

31. Ibid., p. 229.

32. Ibid., pp. 182, 195.

33. TJ to James Madison, 3 May 1798, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 247.

34. Adams, ed., Works, IX, 192, 205, 196.

35. James Madison to TJ, 13 May 1798, in Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, 4 vols. (Washington, D.C., 1894), II, 140.

36. Adams, ed., Addresses, Works, IX, 187.

37. JA to TJ, 30 June 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 347.

38. TJ to Thomas Mann Randolph, 3 May 1798, Jefferson Papers Microfilm; TJ to François d’Ivernois, 6 February 1795, Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., Writings, IX, 297–98.

39. TJ to Elbridge Gerry, 26 January 1799, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 328–29.

40. TJ to JA, 15 June 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 332.

41. TJ to Thomas Mann Randolph, 9 May 1798, Jefferson Papers Microfilm.

42. TJ to Edward Carrington, 16 January 1787, Boyd, ed., Papers, XI, 49.

43. TJ to James Madison, 28 December 1794, Ford, ed., Writings, VI, 516–17.

44. Quoted in Smith, John Adams, II, 865.

45. Richard Hildreth, The History of the United States, 2d ser., 3 vols. (New York, 1851), II, 161; TJ to James Monroe, 7 September 1797, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 172–73.

46. JA to Timothy Pickering, 16 September 1798, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 596.

47. JA to James McHenry, 22 October 1798, ibid., VIII, 613.

48. TJ to John Taylor, 1 June 1798, Ford, ed., Writings, VII, 265.

49. TJ to S. T. Mason, 11 October 1798, ibid., VII, 283.

50. TJ’s draft together with the resolutions as adopted are in ibid., pp. 287–309.

51. TJ to James Madison, 26 February 1799, ibid., VII, 370.

52. Ibid.

53. JA to George Washington, 19 February 1799, to John Marshall, 4 September 1800, Adams, ed., Works, VIII, 626; IX, 80–81.

54. JA to James Lloyd, 30 March 1815, ibid., X, 151.

55. JA to James McHenry, 27 July 1799, ibid., IX, 4–5.

56. Timothy Pickering to Rufus King, 20 May 1800, King, ed., Correspondence, II, 248.

57. See Gabriel Duval to James Madison, 17 October 1800, Madison Papers Microfilm, Library of Congress.

58. In Seth Ames, ed., Works of Fisher Ames, 2 vols. (Boston, 1854), II, 115.

59. Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 7 May 1800, in Henry Cabot Lodge, ed., The Works of Alexander Hamilton, 12 vols. (New York, 1904), X, 372.

60. TJ to Benjamin Rush, 16 January 1811, Ford, ed., Writings, IX, 295.

61. What follows is drawn primarily from TJ to Elbridge Gerry, 26 January 1799, ibid., VII, 328–29, but see also TJ to Gideon Granger, 13 August 1800, ibid., pp. 450–53.

62. TJ to John Breckinridge, 29 January 1800, ibid., p. 418.

63. JA to Elbridge Gerry, 30 December 1800, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 555.

64. Anas (15 April 1806), Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., Writings, I, 451–52; cf. JA to Elbridge Gerry, 7 February 1801, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 97.

65. Ford, ed., Writings, VIII, 1–6.

66. TJ to Spencer Roane, 6 September 1819, ibid., IX, 140.

67. JA to William Cunningham, 15 March 1804, in Correspondence between the Hon. John Adams and the Late William Cunningham, Esq. (Boston, 1823), p. 19.

68. JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, 22 May 1815, Ford, ed., Statesman and Friend, p. 116.

FOUR—Retrospect and Prospect

1. JA to Daniel Wright and Erastus Lyman, 13 March 1809, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 613–15. See also JA to Benjamin Rush, 12 April 1809, ibid., pp. 616–19.

2. JA to Benjamin Rush, 23 March 1809, 16 September 1810, Schutz and Adair, eds., Spur to Fame, pp. 139, 168; Josiah Quincy, Figures of the Past (Boston, 1883), p. 78.

3. Charles Francis Adams, ed., “Correspondence between John Adams and Mercy Warren,” Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 5th ser. (1878), IV, 317–511.

4. JA to James Lloyd, 6 February 1815, Adams, ed., Works, X, 115.

5. JA to James Lloyd, January 1815, ibid., p. 113.

6. TJ to Abigail Adams, 13 June 1804, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 270.

7. Abigail Adams to TJ, 1 July 1804, ibid., p. 274.

8. TJ to Abigail Adams, 22 July 1804, ibid., p. 275.

9. Abigail Adams to TJ, 25 October 1804, ibid., pp. 281–82.

10. See JA to William Cranch, 20 May 1801, to F. A. Van der Kemp, 5 November 1804, and to Thomas Truxtun, 13 December 1804, Adams Papers Microfilm, Letterbooks.

11. See JA to William Cunningham, 27 September 1808, Adams-Cunningham Correspondence, pp. 25–26.

12. JA to Benjamin Rush, 6 February 1805, Schutz and Adair, eds., Spur to Fame, p. 21.

13. JA to William Cunningham, 16 January 1804, Adams-Cunningham Correspondence, p. 11.

14. TJ to Abigail Adams, 11 September 1804, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 280.

15. See, for example, JA to J.B. Varnum, 26 December 1808, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 605–8.

16. JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, 12 July 1811, Ford, ed., Statesman and Friend, p. 64.

17. TJ to Benjamin Rush, 16 January 1811, Ford, ed., Writings, IX, 295–99.

18. Edward Coles to Henry S. Randall, 11 May 1857, in Randall, Life of Thomas Jefferson, 3 vols. (Philadelphia, 1857), III, 639–40.

19. Benjamin Rush to JA, 16 December 1811, in Lyman Butterfield, ed., The Letters of Benjamin Rush, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1951), II, 110.

20. JA to Benjamin Rush, 25 December 1811, Adams, ed., Works, X, 11–12.

21. JA to TJ, 1 January 1812 and TJ to JA, 21 January 1812, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 290–92.

22. TJ to JA, 27 June 1822, ibid., p. 581.

23. JA to TJ, 2 February 1817, ibid., p. 507.

24. JA to TJ, 25 December 1813, ibid., p. 409.

25. TJ to JA, 27 June 1813, ibid., p. 337.

26. JA to TJ, 12 July 1813, ibid., p. 354.

27. JA to TJ, 11 January 1817, ibid., p. 505.

28. TJ to JA, 21 January 1812, ibid., p. 291.

29. TJ to JA, 11 June 1812, ibid., p. 308.

30. JA to TJ, 28 June 1813, ibid., p. 311.

31. TJ to JA, 27 May 1813, ibid., p. 324.

32. TJ to Joseph Priestley, 21 March 1801, Ford, ed., Writings, VIII, 21.

33. JA to TJ, 29 May, 10 June 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 325–27.

34. TJ to JA, 15 June 1813, ibid., pp. 331–33.

35. JA to TJ, 28 June 1813, ibid., pp. 338–40.

36. JA to TJ, 15 July 1813, ibid., p. 358.

37. TJ to JA, 27 June 1813, ibid., pp. 335–38.

38. JA to TJ, 13 July 1813, ibid., p. 355.

39. TJ to JA, 28 October 1813, ibid., pp. 387–92.

40. JA to TJ, 15 November 1813, ibid., p. 400.

41. The 1814 letters to John Taylor are collected in Adams, ed., Works, VI, 445–521.

42. Journal of Debates and Proceedings in the Convention of Delegates, Chosen to Revise the Constitution of Massachusetts (Boston, 1853), pp. 277–79.

43. TJ to Samuel Kercheval, 12 July 1816, Ford, ed., Writings, X, 37–45.

44. JA to TJ, 15 July 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 358.

45. TJ to Correa de Serra, 23 June 1815, Jefferson Papers Microfilm (Massachusetts Historical Society).

46. TJ to JA, 18 October 1813, 11 January 1816, 4 September 1823, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 391, 459–60, 596–97.

47. JA to TJ, 16 July 1814, 2 February 1816, ibid., pp. 435, 461.

48. For JA’s marginalia, see Haraszti, Adams and the Prophets of Progress. See also JA to TJ, 2 March 1816, Cappon, ed., A dams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 464–65.

49. JA to TJ, 2 February 1816, ibid., p. 462.

50. JA to TJ, 3 February 1821, ibid., p. 571.

51. TJ to JA, 1 August 1816, also 17 May 1818, 22 January 1821, ibid., pp. 484–85, 524, 570.

52. JA to TJ, 19 May 1821, ibid., p. 572.

53. TJ to JA, 12 September 1821, ibid., p. 575.

54. JA to TJ, 30 July 1815, ibid., p. 451.

55. JA to Benjamin Rush, 4 April 1790, Biddle, ed., Old Family Letters, p. 55.

56. JA to Hezekiah Niles, 13 February 1818, Adams, ed., Works, X, 283–84.

57. TJ to William Wirt, 4 September 1816, Ford, ed., Writings, X, 58–60; JA to Benjamin Waterhouse, 17 August 1817, Ford, ed., Statesman and Friend, p. 137

58. Quoted in Haraszti, Adams and the Prophets of Progress, p. 174.

59. The Syllabus is included in TJ to Benjamin Rush, 21 April 1803, Ford, ed., Writings, VIII, 223–28.

60. TJ to JA, 12 October 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 383–86. The “Philosophy of Jesus” led, in turn, to TJ’s “Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth,” which may be found in facsimile in Lipscomb and Bergh, eds., vol. XX.

61. JA to TJ, 16 July 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 360.

62. TJ to Benjamin Rush, 21 April 1803, Ford, ed., Writings, VIII, 223n.

63. See JA to TJ, 16 July 1813, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, p. 360.

64. TJ to JA, 19 March 1820, ibid., p. 562.

65. JA to TJ, 18 July 1813, ibid., p. 362.

66. JA to TJ, 4 November 1816, ibid., p. 494.

67. JA to TJ, 19 April 1817, ibid., p. 509.

68. JA to F. A. Van der Kemp, 27 December 1816, Adams, ed., Works, X, 234.

69. TJ to JA, 15 August 1820, also 8 January 1825, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 568, 605–6.

70. TJ to JA, 12 December 1816, ibid., p. 499.

71. TJ to JA, 10 December 1819, ibid., p. 549.

72. TJ to JA, 22 January 1821, ibid., p. 570.

73. JA to TJ, 3 February 1821, ibid., p. 571. Cf. JA to George Clurman and Jacob Lindley, 24 January 1801, Adams, ed., Works, IX, 92–93.

74. Adams-Cunningham Correspondence, p. X.

75. TJ to JA, 12 October 1823, Cappon, ed., Adams-Jefferson Letters, pp. 600–601.

76. JA to TJ, 20 November 1823, ibid., p. 60.

77. TJ to William B. Giles, 26 December 1825, Ford, ed., Writings, X, 254–57.

78. JA to John Whitney, 7 June 1826, Adams, ed., Works, X, 417.

79. TJ to Roger C. Weightman, 24 June 1826, Ford, ed., Writings, X, 391–92.

80. Eighteen of the eulogies may be found in A Selection of Eulogies Pronounced in the Several States, in Honor of Those Illustrious Patriots and Statesmen, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (Hartford, 1826). The above account is drawn from Merrill D. Peterson, The Jefferson Image in the American Mind (New York, 1960), pp. 3–14.

81. JA to Benjamin Rush, 23 March 1809, Schutz and Adair, eds., Spur to Fame, p. 139.