Index

Adams, Abigail: on TJ, 32, 33

her correspondence with TJ, 97–99, 103

also, 9, 16, 45, 59

Adams, John: in Continental Congress, 1, 3, 13

his reconciliation with TJ, 2, 95–104

death and eulogy of, 2, 128–30

on TJ, 3–4, 30, 59, 60, 64, 69, 73–74, 100, 103

early life of, 3–5

personal traits of, 5–10, 30–31, 64, 105–8, 129

and independence, 10–17

and American constitutions, 17–26

as envoy in Europe, 26–27, 29–30

as minister to Great Britain, 30, 33, 34, 44

and Europe, 34–38, 45

his Defence, 38–40, 42–43

and U.S. Constitution, 43–44

and French Revolution, 51–52, 56, 59–60, 69, 72, 75, 94, 113, 116, 120

as vice president, 53–60

his confrontation with TJ, 57–61

and election of 1796, 62–68

presidency of, 68–86

and election of 1800, 86–91, 93–94

his correspondence with TJ, 104–28

Adams, John Quincy: as “Publicola,” 58–59

becomes Republican, 101

elected president, 125, 126, 127

also, 32, 86, 98, 104

Adams, Samuel, 3, 5, 11, 14

Alien and Sedition Laws, 78–79, 80–81, 82, 83, 84, 88, 98–99, 110

American Bible Society, 124

Anglican Church, 6, 22

Aristocracy: for TJ, 22, 42, 43, 47–48, 50, 52, 113–14

for JA, 40, 43, 47, 51, 54–55, 56, 58, 112–15

Aristotle, 18

Assembly of Notables, 40, 47

Bacon, Sir Francis, 9

Balanced government: JA and, 18–19, 25–26, 40, 56, 94, 100

TJ and, 22, 42, 52, 89, 99. See also Constitutions; Defence of American Constitutions

Belsham, Thomas, 110

Bernard, Governor Francis, 10

Bolingbroke, Viscount, 4, 10, 86, 107

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 89, 105, 111

Boston Massacre, 10, 102

Boston Patriot, 100

Burgh, James, 86

Burke, Edmund, 57, 86, 107

Burr, Aaron, 90–91

Cabell, Samuel J., 80

Callender, James T., 98, 99, 100

Chastellux, Marquis de, 37

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, 101

Cicero, 4, 95, 125

Coke, Sir Edward, 4

Coles, Edward, 103

Commerce, 28–29, 33, 71, 89

Condorcet, Marquis de, 49, 50, 51

Congress of Vienna, 116, 117

Constitutions: British, 11–13, 18–19, 39, 41, 49, 51, 57, 60–61

American, 17–21, 39, 41–42

Virginia, 21–24, 115–16

Massachusetts, 24–26, 41, 100, 115–16

U.S. federal, 43–44, 62, 89, 90, 93

French, 51–52, 56, 115. See also Balanced government

Continental Congress, 1, 3, 13

Cooper, Thomas, 78

Cunningham, William, 126

Declaration of Independence, 14–17, 24, 120

Defence of the American Constitutions: 38–43, 51–52, 56, 63, 112

Democracy: for JA, 11, 18, 19, 39, 40, 56, 72, 93, 100

for TJ, 11, 22–23, 24, 42, 52, 53, 79, 80, 92, 100, 115

Democratic Societies, 80

Discourses on Davila, 56, 57, 58, 113

Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law, 5–6

Duane, William, 78, 88

Dupont, Pierre Samuel, 49, 51, 81

Dupuis, Charles François, 109, 124

Embargo, 101

Enlightenment, 4, 6–7, 9, 16, 37, 77–78, 117, 121, 123

Epicureanism, 9, 37, 113, 122

Estates General, 48–49

Europe: JA’s and TJ’s responses to, 34–38, 53

in JA’s political theory, 42, 114

disentanglement from, 69, 89–90, 92, 108

Federalist party: JA and, 56, 60, 63–64, 70–71, 96, 100

in election of 1796, 63–68

and “crisis of 1798,” 74–76, 79, 80, 84–85

in election of 1800, 86–88, 90–91

and War of 1812, 102, 10g. See also Political parties

Fine arts: TJ and, 34–35, 36

JA and, 35, 36–37

Forrest, Uriah, 73

France: and alliance of 1778, 28, 30, 69, 72, 74, 90

JA and, 29–30

TJ and, 31–32, 89–90

and American commerce, 33–34

and Dutch revolution, 45

and French Revolution, 46–53 passim, 59–60, 63, 89

and war crisis with U.S., 68–72, 74–76, 81–82, 84–85, 96

Franklin, Benjamin: as minister to France, 26–27, 28, 32

JA on, 29, 119

TJ on, 21, 41

on JA, 54

also, 14, 17–18, 30, 107

Geneva, 72

George III, 13, 16, 34

Gerry, Elbridge, 72, 102

Gordon, Thomas, 86

Great Britain: and American Revolution, 11–14

and American commerce, 29, 30, 34

TJ’s hostility to, 33–34, 71, 89

and Jay Treaty, 63, 64

and JA’s presidency, 68–69, 71, 86

and War of 1812, 108–9

Grimm, Baron, 107

Hamilton, Alexander: and JA and TJ, 60–61

in election of 1796, 63, 66–67

and JA’s presidency, 70, 81–82, 86

in election of 1800, 86, 88, 91

also, 79, 107

Harrington, James, 26

Henry, Patrick, 3, 10, 120

History: for JA and TJ, 16, 21, 39–40, 42, 77, 117

Holland, 29, 39, 44, 45, 48, 72

Holy Alliance, 116, 118

Human nature, 6, 20–21, 39–40, 56. See also Aristocracy

Hume, David, 4, 86

Hutcheson, Francis, 4

Hutchinson, Thomas, 10

Jay, John, 27, 88

Jay Treaty, 62–63, 64–65, 68

Jefferson, Martha, 32

Jefferson, Peter, 9

Jefferson, Thomas: in Continental Congress, 1, 13

death and eulogy of, 2, 128–30

early life of, 3–5

personal traits of, 5–10, 31, 64, 73, 105–8

and independence, 10–17

and American constitutions, 17–26

as commissioner in Europe, 28–32

as minister to France, 33–34

and Europe, 34–38, 45, 69

and JA’s Defence, 40–42

and U.S. Constitution, 43–44

and French Revolution, 46–53, 59, 75, 89, 93, 116–17, 120

as secretary of state, 53–61

his confrontation with JA, 57–61

and election of 1796, 62–68

as vice president and party leader, 68–85

and election of 1800, 86–91

his inaugural address, 91–92

reconciliation with JA, 2, 97–104

his correspondence with JA, 104–28

Jesus, 121–23

Judiciary Act of 1801, 97, 100

Lafayette, Marquis de, 35, 49, 50, 52

La Rochefoucauld, Due de, 49

Latin American revolutions, 118

Lee, Richard Henry, 3, 14

Locke, John, 4, 9

Louis XVI, 49, 50

Louisiana Purchase, 100

Lucretius, 37

McHenry, James, 70, 86

Machiavelli, Niccolo, 18

Madison, James: and JA, 30, 68

in election of 1796, 65, 66–68

quoted, 75–76

also, 32, 69, 79, 102, 108

Marshall, John, 120

Mason, George, 24

Massachusetts: Puritan heritage of, 5–6

politics in, 10–11, 12, 120

constitution of, 24–26, 41–42, 100, 125

and War of 1812, 101, 102

Mazzei, Philip, 73

Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, 120–21

Missouri Compromise, 125–26

Monarchy: for JA, 25, 40, 43, 54–55, 58, 81

for TJ, 43, 47–48

Monroe, James, 68, 71

Monroe Doctrine, 118

Montesquieu, Baron de, 4, 6, 18, 47, 51

Murray, William Vans, 84, 85

National Gazette, 79

Navy, 82, 100, 108–9

Newton, Sir Isaac, 9, 108

North, Lord, 13

Notes on the State of Virginia, 37

Novanglus, 11–13

Oliver, Andrew, 10

Oliver, Peter, 10

Otis, James, 10, 120

Paine, Thomas: Common Sense, 14, 17, 27

JA’s opinion of, 14, 17

Rights of Man, 57, 59

also, 39, 107

Patriot party, 49, 51, 52

Pickering, Timothy, 70, 81, 86

Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 69, 71, 86

Pinckney, Thomas, 63, 70, 86

Plato, 111

Political parties: rise of, 62, 87

JA and, 70, 75

TJ and, 77–78, 111–12

ideological issue between, 79–80, 92–94

revival of, 126

Pope, Alexander: 18

Press, freedom of, 79–80, 83, 88

Preston, Captain Thomas, 10, 102

Priestley, Joseph, 78, 109–10, 121, 122

Property, 19, 22–23, 25, 114

Puritanism, 5–6, 25, 118

Religion: and JA, 5–6, 7, 25, 35, 70, 75, 118, 122, 123–25

and TJ, 6–7, 22, 25, 88, 121–23

Republican party: in election of 1796, 62–68

and French crisis, 70–71, 72–73

and “crisis of 1798,” 74–76, 82–83

in election of 1800, 88–91

in 1820s, 127. See also Political parties

Revolution of 1688, 12, 49

Rush, Benjamin, 2, 103–4, 54, 119

Science, 9, 77–78, 88, 110, 117

Scott, Sir Walter, 107

Separation of powers. See Balanced government

Shays’ Rebellion: JA and, 38, 102

TJ and, 41, 43

Sidney, Algernon, 4

Slavery, 16, 23, 126

Society of Cincinnati, 45

Society of Jesus, 118

Stamp Act, 3, 5, 10

State rights doctrines, 83, 84, 89, 127

Stevens, John, 51

Summary View of the Rights of British America, A, 11–13, 81

Tacitus, 108

Taylor, John, 115

Thoughts on Government, 17, 18–19, 22, 25

Thucydides, 108

Treaty of Peace (1783), 27

Trenchard, John, 86

Turgot, Baron de, 33, 39, 47, 51

Union, 11, 83, 84, 109, 126, 129

Unitarianism, 109, 122, 123

Vergennes, Comte de, 29

Virginia: colonial heritage of, 6

Statute of Religious Freedom, 7, 23

politics in, 10–11, 120

constitution and reforms in, 21–24, 114, 115–16

and “crisis of 1798,” 80

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 83–84

Virginia, University of, 105, 125

Volney, C. F., 78

Walpole, Horace, 10, 86

War of 1812, 102, 108

Warren, Mercy Otis, 7, 20, 55, 96, 120

Washington, George: as president, 53, 54, 62, 68, 80

also, 1, 3, 58, 65, 66, 69, 71, 73, 81, 119

Webster, Daniel, 2, 129

Whiskey Rebellion, 80

William V, Prince of Orange, 45, 48

Wirt, William, 120

Wolcott, Oliver, 69–70

XYZ Affair, 74–76