Notes
Notes 
INTRODUCTION
1. ed. George F. Jones. Athens, Ga.: UofGa Press, 1966. The story is told in more detail in George F. Jones, The Salzburger Saga. Athens, Ga.: UofGa Press, 1983.
JANUARY
1. In the 18th century the word “epilepsy” denoted any paroxysm, in this case probably from malaria.
2. The captain from Palachocolas appears to have been Aeneas McIntosh.
3. The Mill River (Mühl-Fluss), a channel of the Savannah River, was almost closed at its northern end, with the result that it was easier to row against its sluggish current. It is now called Abercorn Creek.
4. This must be the same as the hymn beginning O grosse Freude, die auf der Weide.
5. For the Pietists, self-justification or unwarranted security (selbstgemachte Sicherheit) was a grave impediment to salvation.
6. This refers to the 6th Continuation of Urlsperger’s Ausführliche Nachrichten.
7. These were the occupants of the orphanage.
8. Pichler’s name later appears as Bichler.
9. Allusion to a verse of a hymn, Was unser Gott erschaffen hat, das kann er auch erhalten.
10. “No sooner said than done.”
11. These were Ursula Meyer, widow of Thomas, and her daughter Magdalena.
12. This would appear to be Joseph Avery. See entry for 12 Feb.
13. The “troublesome times” refers to the First Silesian War (1740-42).
14. It was a custom of the times to send Bible verses to friends as gifts. See entry for 18 May.
15. His femur had been dislocated when he was struck by a bear he had shot out of a tree. His painful treatment had been administered by Jean Bourquin at Purysburg.
16. Maria Maurer, or Mauer, had undergone painful surgery by Bourquin in Purysburg for an abscess in the uvula.
17. Mit Gott der Glaub’ ist wohl daran, dem Nächsten wird die Lieb’ guts thun, bist du aus Gott geboren. From a hymn.
18. Balthasar Bacher of the 2nd transport received his brother Thomas with the latter’s wife and daughter, both named Maria.
19. In Pietistic parlance “misery” (Elend) meant sin, or alienation from God.
20. See note 6, above.
21. See note 1, above.
22. Boltzius has mentioned only the Zittrauer and Pletter infants, unless Urlsperger made a deletion.
23. This suggests that the Halle medicines were being sold at Ebenezer. See Renate Wilson, “The Halle Orphanage Medications in Colonial Georgia.” Paper presented at the Institute for the History of Medicine. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, February 1987.
24. She appears to have had rickets.
25. “The great works of God.” Judged by Pietistic values, God’s conversion of these frivolous people was far more newsworthy, for example, than Oglethorpe’s striking victory over the Spaniards at Bloody Marsh, which occurred in the same year.
FEBRUARY
1. This mill had belonged to a Swede named Purcker (called Parker), who abandoned it because he could not use slave labor.
2. This was Abraham de Leon.
3. These were the survivors of Riemenschneider’s party on the Europa. Although destined for Saxe-Gotha, many settled at Acton and Vernonburg after recuperating in Savannah.
4. He donated it through George Whitefield.
5. At this time the German word “enemy” (Feind) often designated the devil.
6. The name was usually written Gugel.
7. The formerly rebellious Rieser seems to have become subdued after being captured by some Indians. See Detailed Reports 8:339–340.
8. This map, now lost, later became a bone of contention between Avery’s widow and the Trustees.
9. This may be the German trader who appears later in these reports.
10. It was the annual inundation that made the land so fertile.
11. “The tenor of his present life.”
12. This was either Hugh or Jonathan Bryan, both of whom were generous to the Salzburgers.
13. Theobald Kieffer took his daughter Elisabetha Catharina, wife of Matthias Zettler, back to Puysburg.
14. The name appears as Häsler, Hessler, and Hössler.
15. Gabriel and Hans.
MARCH
1. Archpriest Schumann was chaplain to the Salzburger exiles in East Prussia.
2. This account has been published as “The Fourth Transport of Georgia Salzburgers” in Concordia Historical Institute Quarterly 56 (1983), 3-26, 52-64.
3. “Vigorously,” literally, “with sap and blood.”
4. Ruprecht Schrempf.
5. This could have been the magistrate Georgii in Freudenstadt.
6. A “legalistic” (gesetzlich) person trusted more in the law of the Old Testament than in the grace of the New.
7. He and two others drowned while swimming in the Rhine, unless, possibly, they deserted the transport at that point. See article in note 2, above.
8. For the Pietists, all sicknesses sent by God were “salutary,” so it seems strange that they tried to cure them.
9. Boltzius is alluding to Johannes Arndt’s Passions- und Osterpredigten. Arndt’s True Christianity was the favorite book among the Germans in Colonial America, and his Little Garden of Paradise, Passion Sermons, and Postille were also much read.
10. Boltzius numbers this commandment as the third, according to the German and Roman system. In this translation the numbers are altered to conform to the English or Orthodox numbering.
11. Ich kan durch dein Verdienst allein, hier ruhig und dort selig seyn. Apparently from a hymn.
APRIL
1. See Feb., note 5.
2. “He has arisen.” “Hearts, look up.”
3. See Jan., note 19.
4. Possibly macaronic student Latin for durch den Stuhl.
5. The Lord sent fiery serpents to bite the Israelites for their sins. Then he allowed Moses to raise a serpent on a pole. If those who had been bitten looked at it, they would survive.
6. “He” refers to Steiner, who has not been mentioned for two pages.
7. Carl Heinrich Bogatzky, Güldenes Schatz-Kästlein der Kinder Gottes. (Halle, various dates).
MAY
1. Reichsstadt. Free city directly under the German emperor.
2. Mainly Indian corn, sweet potatoes, and beans as opposed to wheat, barley, oats, and rye.
3. They had not yet been “seasoned.”
4. “The hypocrites’ manner of proceeding is to cry ‘Hosannah’ today and ‘Crucify him’ tomorrow.”
5. The political and judicial officer of an ecclesiastical or other estate.
6. The name was usually written Brückl or Brickl.
7. Dr. Joachim Lange, Biblisch-Historisches Licht und Recht . . . (Halle / Leipzig 1734).
8. Paul Anton, August Hermann Francke, Johann Anastasius Freyling-hausen. These were Pietistic authors connected with the Francke Foundation.
9. Heinrich Schubart, Zeugniss von der Gnade und Wahrheit in Christo . . . Halle: Waisenhaus 1741.
10. Probably a typographical error, or a neologism suggesting “In a human sort of way.”
11. Boltzius wrote Jünglingen, but he must have meant to include girls.
12. Mein Abba, mache mich zu deinem Dienst bereit, dein Will gescheh an mir in Zeit und Ewigkeit; mein Jesu präge mir dein kindlich Wesen ein, lass mich aufs erste Wort so gleich gehorsam sein, apparently from a hymn.
13. Boltzius does not make it clear that he is in Savannah.
14. A. H. Francke, Lehre vom Anfang christlichen Lebens. (Halle 1696 ff.).
JUNE
1. Since the unnamed sinner was married to an Unselt girl (Friederica, Eva Regina, or Anna Justina), he must have been Henry Bishop, Georg Schweiger, or Franz Hernberger.
2. It was Boltzius’ frequently repeated theme that God sends sickness to those He loves to humble and chasten them.
3. A treatment that mitigates without curing.
4. Those being prepared for Holy Communion.
5. Trading station in South Carolina near Augusta.
6. He had depended on “the work performed.” That means he thought he could achieve salvation through good works without true conversion.
7. The area is now called Sandfly.
JULY
1. “What grows quickly perishes quickly.”
2. It is to be remembered that Salzburg was then not a part of Austria and that some of the third transport were religous exiles from Upper Austria.
3. “With united forces.”
4. “Natural people” (natürliche Leute) were people not yet reborn in Jesus.
5. Boats hewn out of large logs.
6. See note Jan., note 19.
7. Fürchte dich nicht, du liebes Land, sondern sey fröhlich getrost, denn der Herr kan auch Grosse Dinge thun.”
8. This contradicts what Boltzius said on 13 July.
9. “Through the spirit of the Holy Ghost.”
10. John Terry (Jean Thierry), the recorder at Frederica, had been in charge of the fourth transport on their voyage.
11. It is a law of human nature that hostile forces, even when soundly defeated, are always far more numerous than friendly forces.
12. “Similarity of times.”
13. “The details.”
14. “Law of hospitality.” Southern Hospitality lasted in the South until the building of hotels and motor courts.
15. Gott lässt die Seele nicht, er hat sie viel zu lieb”. From a hymn.
AUGUST
1. In referring to the “Bohemians,” Boltzius is probably thinking not of his competitors, the Moravians, but of other Protestant exiles from Bohemia. One group would have joined the third transport but for want of a Czech-speaking pastor.
2. Boltzius appears to have failed to mention Mrs. Ott’s death, or else it was deleted by Urlsperger.
3. “Perverted” (verkehrt) was the opposite of “converted” (bekehrt), turned from, instead of to, God.
4. It is amazing that anyone survived such cures.
5. Gottfried Christ was tubercular and had suffered hemorrhages already in Germany. Unlike most others in Ebenezer, his health seems to have improved in the Georgia climate.
6. Reichtum der Güte, Geduld und Langmüthigkeit Gottes. This may have been a devotional tract, or else Boltzius may merely have taken Romans 2:4 to use as the theme of his sermon.
7. The Trustees had promised a “corn-shilling,” or subsidy on every bushel of corn, sweet potatoes, and beans. It was paid several years later.
8. Being more concerned with the grace of the New Testament than with the law of the old, the Lutheran theologians looked upon all persons and events of the Old Testament as “prefigurations,” or forerunners, of persons and events in the New.
9. Their “counsels” are “evidence” of their faith.
10. “Objects of mercy.”
11. “As a thundering voice.”
12. “The feeling of being accused.”
13. A large gold coin.
14. “Seat of business, center of operations.”
15. “Step by step, gradually.”
16. “Hours and delays.”
17. “Medical art.”
18. “His most ample merit.”
SEPTEMBER
1. Ich hang und bleib auch hangen an Christo als ein Glied, wo mein Haupt durch ist gangen, da nimmt er mich auch mit: er reisset durch die Höll, ich bin stets sein Gesell. Er dringt zum Saal der Ehren, ich folg ihm immer nach und darf mich gar nicht kehren an einzig Ungemach. Es tobe was da kan, mein Haupt nimmt sich mein an, mein Heiland ist mein Schild, der alles Toben stillt.” From the hymn Auf, auf, mein Hertz mit Freuden by Paul Gerhardt.
2. Johann Altherr, a Swiss butcher from Purysburg, married Boltzius’ maid, Amalia Schiermeister.
3. D. Müllers und Lütkemanns Postille; Herrn Ulrichs Predigt-Bücher.
4. Probably the map reproduced on the fontispiece of Detailed Reports Vol. V.
5. Indian tribes.
6. Theobald Kieffer, Sr.
7. “Objects of mercy.”
8. The Ausführliche Nachrichten.
9. Der Glaub mit Gott ist wohl daran, dem Nächsten wird die Lieb Guthes thun, bist du aus Gott geboren. From hymn Es ist gerecht vor Gott allein, by Paul Speratus.
10. This was Frau Wallpurger, who had put her boy in school at Ebenezer in 1737.
11. Philip Jacob Spener, Lautere Milch des Evangelii.
12. A panacea manufactured by Johann Caspar Schauer in Augsburg.
13. Another example of prefiguration. See Aug., note 8.
14. The day of judgment.
15. “A lightning legion,” honorary title given to a Blitzkrieg Roman unit.
16. Boltzius spoke too soon. The cattle distember (blackwater) reached Ebenezer soon thereafter.
17. See Aug., note 8.
18. August Hermann Francke, Collegium Pastorale (Halle 1741).
19. “A bean-pole.”
20. In the Pietist’s view, nature had value only as a manifestation of God’s handiwork. Love of nature, as we know it, came with German romanticism.
21. Typical of the work ethic taught by Luther.
22. “The principle of good works is a splendid vice.” See June, note 6.
OCTOBER
1. Matthaüs Kurtz and his family, after long sojourns on the Dutch island of Cadzand and in England, were the last Salzburgers to reach Ebenezer.
2. All entries until 30 October are by Gronau, since Boltzius accompanied Muhlenberg to Charleston.
3. So lasst uns denn dem lieben Herrn, mit Leib und Seel nachgehen, und wohlgemuth, getrost und gern bei Ihm in Leiden stehen: denn wer nicht kämpft, trägt auch die Cron des ewigen Lebens nicht davon.” From the hymn Mir nach, spricht Christus, unser Held, by Johannes Scheffler (Angelus Silesius).
4. Nun hast du mich nun angenommen, als ich bin flehend zu dir kommen, es hats mein Hertz ja wohl gespührt, als es dein Gnaden-blick gerührt. From a hymn.
5. Thomas Stephens, Col. Stephen’s disloyal son, was a ringleader of the Malcontents, the party that opposed the Trustees and wished to introduce slavery.
6. Sein Jammer, Trübsal und Elend ist kommen zu einem seligen End: er hat getragen Christi Joch, ist gestorben und lebet noch. From the hymn Nun lasset uns den Leib begraben by Michael Weisse, from and old Moravian hymn.
7. Unless it stands for beatus (blessed), the B in the Ausführliche Nachrichten is a typographical error for D (Dr.). Dr. August Hermann Francke, Glauchisches Ge-denck-Büchlein, Oder einfältig Unterricht fur die Christliche Gemeinde zu Glaucha in Halle, (Leipzig and Halle, 1693). Glaucha, now in Halle, was the site of the Francke Foundation.
8. By “temptation” (Anfechtung) Gronau meant “temptation to doubt that Christ, through His merits, can save even the worst sinner.”
9. A lump in the side, probably a spleen swollen by malaria.
10. See Sept., note 1.
11. For an account of their journey, see “John Martin Boltzius’ Trip to Charleston, October 1742.” South Carolina Historical Magazine 83 (1981), 87–110.
12. Gronau. Boltzius has just returned.
NOVEMBER
1. Although Salzburg was in the Holy Roman Empire, leaving there was called “going into the Empire.”
2. Johann Joachim Züblin, subsequently the leader of the Georgia Dissidents and representative at the Second Continental Congress.
3. The young Johann Joachim Züblin, now calling himself Zubly, filled this office.
4. Until the 18th century, the German word Haushalt included not only the house and household, but also the farm and the entire family economy.
5. Johann Gottfried von Müllern, commissioner of the fourth Salzburger transport from Augsburg to London.
6. This was the beginning of Vernonburg on the Vernon River.
7. Johann Anastasius Freylinghausen, Geist-Reiches Gesang-Buch, den Kern Alter und Neuer Lieder, Halle 1714.
8. The Salburgers had been much praised for herding their cattle; but by now they had learned that it was easier to let them range as the other colonists did.
9. Dr. Müller, Himmlischer Liebeskuss.
10. Wilt du mich todt, so sterb ich gern, mein Gott: wilt du, dass ich soll leben, will ich mich drein ergeben. From a hymn.
11. Boltzius’ Palatine servant.
12. “Steps.”
13. Philippians 3:21. “Our vile body.” King James Version; “The body belonging to our humble estate,” English New Bible.
14. His children were (Anna) Catharina, Eva (Barbara), Johann Georg, (Anna) Magdalena, and Margaretha.
15. In the 18th century the word “whore” and its German equivalent Hure did not necessarily connote meretriciousness. The term was applied to any girl who had premarital sexual relationships, even with her fiancé.
16. Christopher Orton.
17. The Pietist term durchbrechen (to break through) meant to come to a realization that Christ can save even the worst sinner. See Oct., note 8.
DECEMBER
1. Either Ambrose or Johann Jacob Züblin. One of the brothers has left Ebenezer, so Boltzius no longer distinguishes them, even though he has not indicated which one remained. Boltzius first used the Swiss form Züblin but gradually shortened it to Zübli and Ziebli.
2. See Aug, note 7.
3. An imposter who called himself Carl Rudolf, Prince of Wurttemberg. He also claimed to be an ordained Lutheran minister.
4. This may be an error for “fourth commandment,” since the Lutherans interpreted the word “father” to include both spiritual and secular authorities.
5. Bender was then the name for Eregli in Turky. Boltzius seems to have believed the imposter’s tales of travel, even if not his royal birth or his ordination as minister.
6. Boltzius is referring to the Malcontents. See Oct., note 5.
7. This would appear to have been Kikar, a tailor apprentice from Hamburg.
8. As so often, Boltzius was right in predicting the fate of the “po’ white” in the South.
9. See Jan., note 5.
10. It is not clear to what the l.c. (locus citatus) refers, unless it is to Deuteronomy 10:18.
11. The Metzgers did move to Ebenezer and become substantial citizens.