INDEX

access: concept, 8, 11, 146

to credit, 9, 11, 154n19

to land, 8, 11, 44–45, 132–33, 160n5

to machinery, 11, 13, 31, 45, 53, 132

to markets, 13, 41, 153n7

to means of production, 8, 11, 132, 133

to state provision, 69

to state subsidies, 41, 120

adaptation, business, 99–100, 114, 115–16, 118, 119

agency, 119

collective, 49, 127, 128, 129

constraints to, 18, 87, 124, 143–44, 147

and dispersed dispossession, 21–22, 64, 147–48

as persistence, 58–60, 128–29

regenerative, 21–22, 145–46, 147

mentioned, 148, 151n23, 156n16

agricultural expansion, historical, 4, 16, 73, 139, 155n2

agricultural investment: difficulties, 6, 96, 97–98, 105

failures, 6, 15, 89–90, 92–93, 108

ignorance, 91, 92, 108

paradoxes, 90–92

promises, 5, 91, 92, 93–96, 98, 157n3, 157n4

rationalities, 5, 90–92, 97, 108–9

shorttermism, 100

agricultural: commodity markets, 18, 28, 96, 101, 102, 104, 120, 153n7

exports, 6, 9

machinery, 40

market volatility, 41, 70, 96, 104 120

paradox, 4–7

policy, 9, 42, 68–69, 96, 103

production level, 68, 70, 71–72, 73

workers, 68–69, 106, 125–26

agricultural subsidies, 12, 41, 66, 68, 103, 120, 140, 158n12

Soviet-time, 15–16, 72–73, 139

agriculture: disadvantage of, 68, 122–23, 132

modernization of, 10, 13, 106

neglect of, 67–68

potential of, 5, 6

profitability of, 20, 72, 91, 99, 101–2, 120, 122

specialization, 10, 139

agroholding. See company: vertically integrated

Agrokultura, 32–33, 93, 100

Ahmann, Chloe, 143

alcoholism, 74–75, 77–78

Allina-Pisano, Jessica, 11, 37, 42, 44, 137

alternatives, 13, 39

lack of, 13, 142, 143

anonymization, 29, 151n3

appropriation, 19, 20–21, 88, 138–40

and devaluation, 21, 102, 139, 140, 150n21

village-level, 57, 64

Arendt, Hannah, 87, 118, 158n2

authority, local, 58, 111–12, 113, 117, 128

dependence on, 27–28, 39, 143

Barnes, Andrew, 93, 101–2

Berlant, Lauren, 22, 144, 147–48

Black Earth Farming, company, 94–95, 98, 100

Boyer, Dominic, 62

Buck-Morss, Susan, 14, 84, 162n17

Butler, Judith, 28, 85, 119, 148

Byrd, Jodi, 138

capital, forms of, 90, 121–22, 124, 125, 140

capitalist accumulation, 15, 19, 88, 101, 140, 150n15, 160n7

Clapp, Jennifer, 139

Clarke, Simon, 38

collectivization, Stalinist, 4, 39–40, 149n10, 152n4, 153n8

reversal of, 10, 16, 132, 139

mention, 28, 73, 76, 149n10, 153n8

collective farm. See kolkhoz

collective goods, 13, 37, 132, 137–38

deterioration of, 64, 69

mention, 2, 17, 131. See also commons

relational goods Collier, Stephen, 38, 57, 84, 151n3

colonization, 40, 138

commons, 134, 146. See also collective goods company: foreign, 9, 93, 100, 103, 108, 157n2

large agricultural, 6, 89, 93, 97–99, 100, 157n2

strategy, 91–92, 108, 118, 157n7

vertically integrated, 102–3, 138, 157–58n8, 158n10

concentration, agricultural, 12, 20, 89, 93, 101–2, 103, 138–39, 161n14

farm-level, 59, 103

mention, 3, 157n1

conflict, 58–59, 106–7, 127–28

cost-cutting, 68, 99–100, 105, 141, 157n7

crisis: and accumulation, 20–21, 67, 140, 150n15,

and agency, 22, 147–48

agrarian post-Soviet, 4, 10–11, 41, 64, 66–71, 139–40

agrarian Soviet 72–73

climate, 6

food price, 5, 98, 150n15

lived experience of, 11, 15, 77–79, 80–87, 142

and politics, 147–48, 161n15

recursive, 15–16, 20, 138

Russian financial, 101

critique, by rural residents, 13, 104–5, 122, 129–30, 143–44

Decollectivization, 10, 16, 132, 139

deterioration, village-level, 1–2, 3, 13, 84, 125, 144

devaluation: of agricultural assets, 15, 20–21, 68, 88, 102, 138–39

of labor, 64, 85. See also under appropriation development: failed promise, 15, 16–17, 18, 66–67, 82–84, 130, 142–43, 144

policies, 9, 120, 121, 140

promises, 16, 27, 66, 130, 133, 142, 143

disintegration, post-Soviet, 20, 84, 88, 132, 138, 140, 143

dismantling, of farm enterprise, 55, 63–65, 85–86, 97

dispersal, 14–15, 18–19, 149–45n12

dispersed dispossession: concept, 2–3, 13–21, 88, 129, 131, 140, 144

lived experience of, 17–18, 25, 27, 65, 77–79, 86

instrumentalization of, 143–44

mention, 27, 34, 61, 74, 88, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 141, 143, 145, 146, 148

dispossessed, noun, 17, 135

dispossession: and agency, 147,

and appropriation, 19, 20, 138–40

concept, 2–3, 8–9, 19–20, 134, 136–38, 161n13

and critique, 2–3

and liminality, 141–42

and historical context; 135–37

as historical process, 19, 137, 138, 159–60n3

and land, 8, 11, 134–35, 160n5

and private property, 17, 64, 133, 159n2, 160n5

rural, 7–9, 11, 13, 84–86, 89, 134

and socio-geographic context, 2, 19–20, 25, 137, 148

state socialism, 136

and the subject, 84–85. See also agency

Donati, Pierpaolo, 134

Dzenovska, Dace, 17, 129, 141–42, 143, 146

economic recovery, in agriculture, 11, 67, 71, 73, 88, 101–2

environmental impacts: of agriculture, 73, 155n7

and political economy, 138

ethnography: and conceptualization, 25–26;

and dispersed dispossession, 25–28, 64–65, 79–81

Escobar, Arturo, 148

Ėtkind, Alexander, 40

experiments, 28–29, 32, 40, 107–8, 150n12

farm: bankruptcy, 68, 102

break up of, 55, 63–64

director: 56, 59, 100, 112–13, 126–27, 128

Fassin, Didier, 26

fieldwork: approach, 3, 26–28, 29

sites, 3, 28–33

food: global demand in, 6, 33, 95

household production

price, 41, 68, 101

processing, 68, 92, 121, 157–58n8

production level, 68, 71, 72, 102

security, 5, 39. See subsidiary household production

Foucault, Michel, 25, 156n15

fragmentation, spatial, 18, 65, 71

global land rush, 8, 101, 157n1, 161n14

Gaidar, Yegor, 5

Gille, Zsuza, 62, 138

Gupta, Akhil, 141, 146

historical past: continued relevance of, 33–35, 61, 62, 136, 142

and ideology, xii, 62, 144–45, 161n16, 162n20

Hall, Derek, 7–8

Hann, Christopher, 10, 136

Herzen, Alexander, 83, 156n11

Holodomor, 40, 152n5

Humphrey, Caroline, 17, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 137–38, 150n18

hybridity: of farm enterprises: 36, 112, 117, 119, 140–41

socio-economic, 40–41, 47, 60, 112, 117, 141

IMF, 67

Imperial Russia, 113, 156n12

imperialism, xiii, 138

income: lack of opportunities, 13, 123–24, 142–43

rural 54, 69, 71, 85–86

state, 73

industrialization: of agriculture, 10, 16, 40, 73, 152n4

in the USSR, 40

inequality: farm-level, 39, 106–9

gender, 70

rural, 41, 69–71

urban and rural, 71, 122, 123–24

infrastructure, 11–12, 60, 83–84, 85–86, 114–15, 124–25

concept, 22, 84, 85–86, 143, 147–48

dismantling of, 64

and dispersed dispossession, 147–48

instrument, concept, 85

interdependency: conceptualization of, 22, 28, 132, 148

politics of, 148

socio-economic 54, 57, 112–13, 114–15, 116–17, 119–20, 125, 133

state-business, 120–21

Ioffe, Grigory, 4, 10, 29, 36, 42, 65, 67, 84

Jehlička, Petr, 147

Jolly, Robert, 20, 103, 138

Kagarlicky, Boris, 20

Kalugina, Zemfira, 13, 41, 66–67, 136

Kant, Immanuel, 83

Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, 4, 40

khoziain, 56, 58, 113, 152n3, 154n16

khoziaistvo, 38–39, 57–58, 134, 151–52n3

knowledge production, xi–xii, 137, 160–61n11, 161n12

kolkhoz: defence of, 49–50, 54, 55–56, 60

dissolution of, 36, 41, 47–48

etymology, 38, 151–52n3

historical contextualization of, 61–62,

history, 38–40, 151n2

services, 38, 41, 51–54, 56, 59, 141, 154n22

threats to, 48, 52, 58. See also social obligation

Kudrin, Alexei, 5

kulaks, 40, 61

Kuns, Brian, 93, 98, 100, 109

Kurakin, Alexander, 57, 133

labor, 21, 70–71, 122–23, 126

concept, 85, 158n1–52

paradox, 125–26

shortage, 125–26, 159n8–59

land: conflict, 48–49, 59, 140

and dispossession, 8, 134–35

lease, 51, 55–56, 59

markets, 5, 9, 92

and private property, 50–51

sales, 47–48, 50, 55, 59, 105

significance, 44–45, 66, 135

theft, 8, 55, 133, 140. See also under reform

land grab debate, 8, 157n1

critique of, 7, 8, 135

land rush, in Russia, 5, 93–95

land titles, 6, 11, 43–44, 47–48, 49–51

formalization of, 51–52, 59

limited value of, 42–43, 44, 47–48, 49–50, 132–33, 135, 147, 158n5

strategic use of, 50–51, 54–55

large farming enterprises, 11–13, 42, 83, 103

advantage of, 9, 42, 103–4

dependence on, 13, 21, 41–42, 52, 54, 60, 83, 112–13

disadvantages of, 99

hope on, 113, 143

operations, 96–97, 98–99, 103–4

persistence of, 36–37, 42, 43, 60–61. See also kolkhoz: services

Letnevo, 30–31

Levien, Michael, 7, 134, 160n4, 161n13

Li, Tania, 18, 26, 96

life expectancy, 69, 155n5

Lindner, Peter, 16, 41, 47

Lipenka, 31–32, 110, 112–13

Mahmood, Saba, 129

Mamonova, Natalia, 47, 100, 126, 145, 147

Marcus, George, 28

Marx, Karl, 119, 158n1

Matveev, Ilya, 127, 141

Medvedev, Dmitri, 5

modernization: of farms, 95, 97, 106

ideology, 13, 84. See also reforms: agrarian Moore, Jason, 139, 140

Müller, Martin, 34, 137

need fulfilment, 38, 52, 141, 146, 151–52n3

Nefedova, Tatyana, 4, 12, 16, 29, 36, 42, 57, 65, 67, 70, 84

Nichols, Robert, 19–20, 86, 137–38, 139

Nikulin, Alexander, 12, 13, 37, 57, 101, 102, 138

Nixon, Robert, 79, 150n12

nostalgia, 61, 76, 134, 144–45

Ouma, Stefan, 97, 98, 157n4

Oya, Carlos, 7

pai. See land titles Pallot, Judith, 12, 57, 70

Peluso, Nancy, 8, 11, 146

performativity, 59–60, 119

Pine, Frances, 62

postsocialim, 33–34, 86–87

poverty, rural. See under rural

Povinelli, Elizabeth, 79

power: complex local, 56–57, 111–13

fantasies, 110–11

non-sovereign, 119

political-economic, 20, 58, 110–11, 112–13, 121–22, 139

spatially dispersed, 28, 117

privatization: and accumulation, 138–39, 150n16

and dispossession, 137, 138–39

of farm enterprises, 10–12, 42–43, 56, 59, 132–33. See also reform

private farms, 12, 42, 55–56, 103

promises: business, failed, 133, 140, 142, 143

of repair and revival, 15, 122, 130, 142, 143, 144, 162n17

reform, 133. See under agricultural investment

development

protest. See resistance

public goods, 134, 146. See also collective goods

relational goods

Putin, Vladimir, 4, 5, 6, 77

government, 42

reform: agrarian, 9–12, 15–17, 40–42, 68, 72, 132, 152n6

failure, 15, 16–7, 133, 142

land, 10–12, 43–44, 102–3, 133, 153n8

limits, 41, 42, 43–44

market, 10, 15, 16–17, 40–41, 66–67, 68, 88, 132–33, 142–43, 150n16

of rural life, 28–29, 132

relational goods, concept, 134, 146

research participants, 28–29

resistance: historical, 40, 152n4

recent, 47, 126–27, 128–29, 147, 159n10

mention, 2, 60, 131, 145

Ribot, Jesse, 8, 11, 146

Rogers, Douglas, 57, 134

ruin, 64–65, 79–80, 162n22

as concept, 82, 86–87

as signifier, 81–84

rural: change, 144–45

decline, 10, 15, 17–18, 88, 126

disadvantage, 39, 61, 124

land abandonment, 4, 12, 65, 155n1–n2

outmigration, 113, 124–25, 155n8, 159n8

poverty, 4, 7, 11, 69, 71, 155n3, 160n8

unemployment, 69, 71, 159n7

rural life, 19, 65–66

media discourse on, 4, 74–76

political stigmatization of, 76–77

romanticization of 156n11

Rylko, Dmitri, 20, 103, 138

Second World War, 78–79, 156n13

smallholder agriculture, 11, 12, 13, 42–43, 142

dependence on large enterprises, 12, 38–39, 70

Shagaida, Natalia, 12, 51, 102, 132

serfdom, 113

Setovka, 30, 45–47

Shanin, Teodor, 40, 76, 149n1, 160n9

shareholder assembly, 48–49, 50–51, 55, 59, 117, 154n20

shock therapy, 17, 65, 67, 73, 88, 150n16

Smith, Jenny Leigh, 73

social obligation, 12, 53, 56–57, 60, 114–15, 116–17, 120, 154n15, 154n22

formalization of, 59, 141, 154n22, 158n4

withdrawal from, 114, 117, 141. See also kolkhoz: services

support

Soviet agriculture, 73, 106, 155n7d

sovkhoz, 38, 151n1

specialists, 26–27, 96–97, 106–7, 108, 114, 125–26

Spoor, Max, 6, 12, 88, 100

Stalin, Joseph, 39, 139

Stark, David, 22, 86–87, 156n16

state: enterprise relations, 38, 42, 114, 120–21, 130, 141

propaganda, 62, 144

provision, 9, 38, 69, 72, 119, 146

repression, 72

socialism, 13, 16, 135

strategy, 6–7

withdrawal, 29, 41, 67, 141

state farm, 38, 151n1

stereotypes, about rural Russia, 74–6, 156n9

strategy, concept, 118

strike, labor, 127

Stoler, Ann, 7, 25, 34–35, 82, 87

subsidiary household production, 11, 12–13, 45, 70, 123, 135, 153n10

limits of, 13

support, 12, 39, 53, 54, 57–58, 111

promise of, 113

relations of, 21, 64, 133, 135, 148

symbiosis between large-scale and subsidiary farming, 12, 38–39,

tactic, concept 118. See also adaptation

agency

taxes, 69, 102, 111, 114, 158n10

theft . See appropriation

technology, modern farming, 9, 95, 97, 106, 108, 117, 159n11

temporal complexity, 15, 82–83, 141–42, 156n14

approaches to study, 34–35, 37, 65, 81–82, 87

Todorova, Maria, 33, 129

Trotsuk, Irina, 12, 13

Ukraine: invasion of, 78, 150n21,

full-scale invasion of, ix–x, xii–xiii, 6

in Soviet period, 13, 40, 152n5

Uzun, Vasily, 12, 102, 106

uncertainty, 18, 50, 88, 130, 141–43, 156n16

Varga, Mihai, 144, 159n1

Verdery, Katherine, 51, 136

Visser, Oane, 12, 47, 57, 93, 98, 100, 105, 109, 127, 145

wage: levels, 54, 69, 105, 107, 123–24, 125

nonpayment: 41, 58, 61

Wästfeld, Anders, 93, 98, 100, 109

Weber, Max, 119

Wegren, Stephen, 11, 12, 42, 43, 67, 68, 69

Wengle, Susanne, 9, 15, 91, 160n8

WWII, 78–79, 156n13

Yeltsin, Boris, 41

government, 5, 41, 67

yield gaps, 5, 94, 96

Zaslavsky, Ilya, 4, 29, 36, 42, 65, 67, 84